Picasso

1. Picasso

2. Reflections and thoughts from: • The Article: “Art: Picasso PROTEAN GENIUS OF MODERN ART” • The Source: Time Magazine, 1957

3. When the article was written, Picasso was 75 years of age and a living legend • “Though a millionaire several times over, Picasso lives in the elegant villa like a wandering Okie. A flock of pigeons coo from the third-floor balcony, chickens cluck on the lawn, the goat is kept on the second floor.” • “Significantly the one clear space in the house is around his easel, lit by a powerful electric lamp with triple reflectors, where he paints every day from 4 p.m. until after midnight with an old boxboard for a palette, sometimes knocking off two or three versions of a subject in a single session.”

4. “Explains Picasso: ‘I am a Spaniard. Just as a torero takes his bull through all sorts of passes, I like to take my pictures through all kinds of variations.’” • “Picasso has been called ‘a volcano in constant eruption’, and his continued volcanic – and unpredictable – activity has made him a phenomenon almost unique in the history of art. No other artist has ever commanded so wide a fame in his own lifetime.” • “His name is almost a synonym for modern art.”

5. “His vintage works (Blue, Rose, and early Cubist periods) brings prices over $100,000; his latest oils fetch up to $35,000.” • “Even the figures he absently kneads out of bread and leaves on restaurant tables are saved as potential collectors’ items.” • “This week in Manhattan (May 1957), to celebrate Picasso’s 75th birthday, the Museum of Modern Art is opening the most comprehensive exhibition of Picasso’s works ever collected under one roof.”

6. “Picasso himself obligingly recalls his point of departure…Le Moulin de la Galette, painted when he was 19 and a fiery-eyed Spanish provincial on his first visit to Paris.” • “But the restive talent of the young Picasso…was quickly evident as he began to paint gaunt laundresses, half-starved nudes, and such El Greco-haunted scenes as Blind Man’s Meal.” • “Their signature was the all-pervading blue monotone, a color which Picasso has since explained ‘was not a question of light or color. It was an inner necessity to paint like that.’”

7. “The clowns and buffoons of the Rose period that followed still astonish by their sure draftsmanship and haunting melancholy.” • “Then, abrupt as a blow, came Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, a painting done in 1907 depicting five dramatic salmon-pink nudes, their faces hideous as primitive African masks.” • “On seeing the painting, French Painter Georges Braque gasped: ‘You are asking us to drink petrol in order to spit fire.’”

8. Today, Demoiselles, which made primitive art an accepted fountainhead of modern art, has only the dated quality of yesteryear’s manifesto.” • “But it marked a significant break in art history, ushering in an age in which art is no longer the readily grasped reaffirmation of everyman’s vision, but a special hierarchical world into which initiation is required.”

9. “Reported Gertrude Stein: ‘Picasso said once that he who created a thing is forced to make it ugly…Those who follow can make of this thing a beautiful thing because they know what they are doing.’”

10. “Picasso’s cubism radically affected the course of modern art. But it is now clear that it failed to establish itself as the Grand Master of the 20th century.” • “As an apparatus to carry the full weight of modern man’s deepened and often troubled sensibility, it has proved inadequate.” • “Picasso himself, no man to cultivate the hinterland after exploring a new area’s boundaries, pushed on, leaving a generation of less gifted painters to work laboriously through its implications.”

11. “In room after room [of the museum], the current exhibition breathtakingly displays the energy with which Picasso investigated one direction after another.” • “He briefly turned back to classicism, then in what amounted to a burlesque of classicism created such monumental figures as Mother and Child, which only superb talent saves from becoming ludicrous.”

12. “In his Three Dancers he not only bade farewell to his period of stage designing with the Ballet Russe (where he met and married his one legal wife, Olga Koklova, mother of his eldest son Paul), but initiated a series of agonizing, lopsided, contorted figures whose displaced limbs and wandering eyes still boggle the public.”

13. “Picasso’s attachment to the Communist Party has been subject to fits and starts.” • “He let the party make his Peace Dove (actually a lithograph of a white fantail pigeon Henri Matisse had given him as a present) a propaganda symbol the world over, and Communist Boss Maurice Thorez is a frequent and conspicuous guest at Picasso’s villa at Cannes.”

14. “But when someone asked Picasso what he would do if France became a satellite and he was ordered to paint the party line, Picasso exploded: ‘If they stopped my painting, I would draw on paper, If they put me in prison without paper or pencil, I would draw with spit on the cell walls.”

15. “As the Manhattan show demonstrates, age has not withered nor imitation staled Picasso’s infinite variety. It apparently takes only a new subject or a new medium to revitalize him.” • “After World War II he became absorbed in lithography, largely revived it as a serious medium in France.” • “He revived his interest in sculpture.”

16. “From the abandoned perfume factory that he took over in the sleepy Riviera town of Vallauris, Picasso has turned out a host of ceramics of his own ferocious owls, toads, bulging females, nymphs and bullfight scenes never seen before on land or kiln.”

17. “Most recently Picasso has thrown himself enthusiastically into making a full-length film, Le Mystere Picasso, a dazzling display of Picasso’s technique, which had its U.S. premier…as part of the museum’s Picasso exhibit.” • “In it Picasso undertakes to paint a new canvas from scratch before the camera’s eyes. Naked to the waist, white hair bristling on his chest, Picasso proclaims with calculated drama: ‘One must risk everything.’”

18. “While the camera watches, Picasso designs a beach scene, takes the themes through a series of dexterous variations. Suddenly he rumbles, ‘It is going badly,’ pauses, then adds, ‘It is going very, very badly.’ Wiping out the whole work, he dashes off the final version, a simple, glowing abstraction.”

19. “An even more astonishing feat of showoffmanship is the 15 exhibited variations of Eugene Delacroix’s famed Louvre painting, Women of Algiers, turned out by Picasso over a 15-month period.”

20. “Noted by a friend: ‘It was with a kind of malicious pleasure that he took up this venerable museum work, turned it over like an old coat, recut it and adjusted it to his own measurements.’” • “Painted in 1954-55, the exercise was also Picasso’s way of working off the melancholy caused by the departure of his companion of eight years, Françoise Gilot, who one day suddenly left, taking their two children with her, announcing: ‘I was tired of living with a historical monument.’”

21. Though Picasso shaped a whole half-century of art in his image, it is clear that since the end of World War II he no longer dominates the whole canvas of modern art.”

22. “He believes a work should be constructed, is distressed by the work of many young abstract expressionists, once grabbed an ink-stained blotter, shoved it at a visitor and snapped, ‘Jackson Pollock.’”

23. “But Picasso’s latest work shows that he has lost none of his amazing powers of draftsmanship nor his virtuoso ability to improvise on a theme until it is obedient to his will.”

24. “With age, Picasso becomes more impatient. His own limitations – an insensibility to the sensual qualities of paint, a violence and haste in execution – stand forth more clearly.”

25. “Picasso works to exhaust a subject, not to beautify it.” • “‘I have a horror of something finished,’” he says. ‘Death is final. A revolver shot finishes off. The not completely achieved is life.’”

26. “Beauty, as the world knows it, has long since ceased to interest him.” • “‘What is the beautiful?’ he exclaims. ‘One must speak of problems in painting.’” • “Such rumblings give the art world warning that the volcano is still alive, may erupt again before the world’s astonished eyes.”

27. “The most demanding commission of his career is now directly ahead of him – a huge mural for Paris’ new headquarters for UNESCO.” • “What its subject will be Picasso does not hint.” • “But until the final revolver shot sounds, the old master can be depended on to keep the world’s eyes focused on the tip of his brush.”

28. Additional Biographical Facts - Picasso • “No other artist is more associated with the term Modern Art than Pablo Picasso.” • “Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain, as the son of an art and drawing teacher. He was a brilliant student. He passed the entrance examination for the Barcelona School of Fine Arts at the age of 14 in just one day and was allowed to skip the first two classes. According to one of many legends about the artist's life, his father, recognizing the extraordinary talent of his son, gave him his brushes and palette and vowed to paint never again in his life.”

29. “During his lifetime, the artist went through different periods of characteristic painting styles. The Blue Period of Picasso lasted from about 1900 to 1904. It is characterized by the use of different shades of blue underlining the melancholic style of his subjects - people from the grim side of life with thin, half-starved bodies. His painting style during these years is masterly and convinces even those who reject his later modern style.”

30. “During Picasso's Rose Period from about 1905 to 1906, his style moved away from the Blue Period to a friendly pink tone with subjects taken from the world of the circus.”

31. “After several travels to Paris, the artist moved permanently to the ‘capital of arts’ in 1904. There he met all the other famous artists like Henri Matisse, Joan Miro and George Braques. He became a great admirer of Henri Matisse and developed a life-long friendship with the master of French Fauvism.” • “Inspired by the works of Paul Cezanne, he developed together with George Braque and Juan Gris the Cubist style. In Cubism, subjects are reduced to basic geometrical shapes. In a later version of Cubism, called synthetic cubism, several views of an object or a person are shown simultaneously from a different perspective in one picture.”

32. “In 1937 the artist created his landmark painting Guernica, a protest against the barbaric air raid against a Basque village during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso's Guernica is a huge mural on canvas in black, white and grey which was created for the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris World's Fair in 1937. In Guernica, Picasso used symbolic forms - that are repeatedly found in his works following Guernica - like a dying horse or a weeping woman.”