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Analysing Sporting Spaces

Analysing Sporting Spaces. Sport space: topophilia and topophobia Surveillance, strategies and tactics as analytical tools Explore ways of analysing sport stadia and museums Start thinking about the second paper – wiki debate. 1 1 2 3 4. A Sense of Space: Wembley Stadium.

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Analysing Sporting Spaces

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  1. Analysing Sporting Spaces

  2. Sport space: topophilia and topophobia Surveillance, strategies and tactics as analytical tools Explore ways of analysing sport stadia and museums Start thinking about the second paper – wiki debate 1 1 2 3 4

  3. A Sense of Space: Wembley Stadium • History of the old wembley stadium

  4. Mark Wallinger, 31 Hayes Court, Camberwell New Road, Camberwell, London, England, Great Britain, Europe, The World, The Solar System, The Galaxy, The Universe

  5. A tour of the new Wembley Stadium

  6. Olympic women’s football semi-final France Vs Japan

  7. Japan Vs USA

  8. Sport and Space Topophilia • Love of place • Psychic income • Geographical memories Topophobia • Fear of place • Landscape of fear • “Noxious facility” • Negative externalities Stadium to Tradium ….examples??? The Taylor Report: "To inquire into the events at Sheffield Wednesday Football ground on 15th April and to make recommendations about the needs of crowd control and safety at sports events." (Taylor, Final Report, HMSO, 1990) John Bale “The Changing Face of Football: Stadiums and Communities” Soccer and Society (2000) Vol. 1 (1): 91-101

  9. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster 15th April 1989 FA Cup Semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, at Hillsborough Stadium (Sheffield Wednesday ground) 96 Liverpool fans crushed to death Insensitive press reporting – drunken Liverpool fans blamed Official report: Police “operational errors” BBC Hillsborough Police Probe Hillsborough tragedy Football Focus

  10. The Gaze Remember your last visit to a sporting event…. Who was watching whom? Think of all the times that you or other people were subject to the gaze • How are you made visible? • How is your journey through the stadium recorded? Who is on display? Stadia and Surveillance

  11. Michel Foucault and the Panopticon Design for a prison Self-discipline Surveillance society Foucault (1977) argued that internal regulation, operating through the constant fear of surveillance, has become the principal way in which contemporary societies are organised

  12. What has been the effect of moving from terraces to all seater stadia? Craven Cottage c. 1999

  13. Michel De Certeau Creative manipulation of culture by users who are not its makers Antidiscipline Strategies and Tactics Resistance to the official producers of culture The Practice of Everyday Life

  14. Can you think of examples of anti-discipline at events you have been to?

  15. The Sport Museum Sport museums mediate meanings of sport, constructing perspectives on what is valuable and interesting about sport through the display of artefacts

  16. See and be seen Museums are part of the disciplinary society Combining functions of spectacle and surveillance Instruction booklets to discipline the troublesome working-class visitor by advising on dress and demeanour

  17. Technologies of Display • How are things displayed? • Glass cases • Open displays • Reconstructions • What relationship does the display create between visitor and object? Eg. Value; Truth

  18. The Museum Visitor • Visitors subject to surveillance • How does the museum route the visitor? • Divisions between the producers and consumers of knowledge are also built into the fabric of the museum • Private/Public spaces

  19. The sports stadium The spaces in which sport takes place are designed for people to interact in particular ways They are filled with copius channels of communication that combine to create a complex affective event. Stadia can be understood as repositories of memories of the past.

  20. Stadia by Meheretu Stadia are places where ‘members of a nation, an empire, or a community can recognize one another physically, bounded by time and space’ How does Meheretu’s painting evoke the activity of the stadium? Where is the activity?

  21. ‘The stray marks in the center of the field interest us only in the way we’re told to watch the spectacle that has been staged for us in the center of the arena. What is as interesting is everything that is happening in the stands as well.’ (Chua, 2004) Meaning is made through the architecture and people’s engagement with it

  22. Sports Stadiaare filled with sensory stimuli Signs, directions, posters, advertisements, television screens, scoreboards, food stands, team colours and logo-laden clothing on spectators, stewards and athletes

  23. Analysing the Stadium Strategies of the Club to produce and control sell out games • The route to the stadium • The ticket – information on entry point, seat row, number • Bag checks • Nostalgic signage; colour scheme • Rules for fan behaviour • Restrooms – in/out; ID for buying beer • Fans dressed in club paraphernalia Strategies of sport organisations work in part though their capacity to exercise some element of control over the fans, encouraging particular forms of behaviour and creating a commitment to and consumption of a place and its products Tacticsof fans are shown in their resistance to the rules: banned language and behaviour; following another game; bringing their own food etc.

  24. Observing Spaces Objects on display The architecture of the building(s)/rooms Divisions encoded into the space: Public/private Visible/invisible Male/female How the gaze is constructed: who looks at whom? How do people move through the space How do they interact with each other/objects/space

  25. Analyse the spaces of Sochi 2014 Document your experience with photos audio or video recordings and in writing Think also about the way the space is mediated… Advertising at the ground, on the shirts, on the objects for sale, TV screens, representations of the match in the media …

  26. Champions League Is it what it seems? • Created in 1992 to iron out too much risk in European Cup that allowed early elimination of big European clubs • The history of the other competition built into the new brand with colours – black, white and silver – chosen to connote the black and white television images of early European Cup football and the floodlit night time matches • Overshadows the more historic FA Cup – in 2011 Wembley could not host both • UK’s “Superbowl” moment – 30 sec ads £200,000

  27. Museum of Champions Museum of Champions, Hyde Park, 2011 Histories Spectacle Identities Masculinities Heroism Affect

  28. Consuming Red Bull What is Red Bull? What does Red Bull sell? What are the implications of Red Bull’s strategy for sport consumers? Secret of the Brand: Red Bull Red Bull World of Soccer

  29. Today’s one minute paper … When have you been the subject of surveillance at a sports event?

  30. Applied the concepts of topophilia & topophobia to sport spaces Explored theories of surveillance and resistance: Foucault and De Certeau Reflected on surveillance and the gaze in sport stadia and museums Thought about ways of analysing stadia and sport spaces Theori 1 1 2 3 4

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