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Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substances and Mixtures. Review Notes for Quiz. THE PARTICLE THEORY. Everything is made of particles, particles are always moving and particles are attracted to each other. SOLIDS: Particles are close together, very attracted to each other, locked in a pattern and vibrate in place.

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Pure Substances and Mixtures

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  1. Pure Substances and Mixtures Review Notes for Quiz

  2. THE PARTICLE THEORY • Everything is made of particles, particles are always moving and particles are attracted to each other. • SOLIDS: Particles are close together, very attracted to each other, locked in a pattern and vibrate in place. • LIQUIDS: Particles are slightly farther apart, less attracted to each other and are able to slide past each other. • GAS: Particles are far apart and can move in any direction because the attractive forces are weak.

  3. PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES • A pure substance contains only 1 type of particle throughout (ex. diamonds). Pure substances rarely occur naturally and most are separated from raw material by people. • A mixture contains 2 or more types of particles (2 or more pure substances) throughout (ex. bread). Most substances are mixtures.

  4. TYPES OF MIXTURES • Heterogeneous mixtures (or mechanical mixtures) are made up of 2 or more types of particles and you can see or feel the different types of particles (ex. strawberry jam, salad) • Homogeneous mixtures (or solutions) are made up of 2 or more types of particles but look and feel like only 1 type of particle (ex. apple juice, sugar and water).

  5. Solutions are made up of at least one solute and one solvent. • The solute is the substance that gets dissolved (kool-aid powder). • The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving (water). • Solutions can be made up of any combination of solid, liquid or gas (ex. Pop is made up of liquid water, solid sugar and gaseous carbon dioxide).

  6. HOW DO SOLUTIONS FORM? • When particles of one substance are more attracted to particles of another substance than they are to themselves, they will form a solution. • In this situation, particles on the surface of the solute will break away and begin to fill the spaces between the solvent particles until all the solute particles are evenly mixed between the solvent particles.

  7. THE RATE OF DISSOLVING • The rate of dissolving refers to how fast a solute dissolves (mixes) in a solvent. • We discovered 3 factors that increase the rate of dissolving: movement (stirring), increasing temperature and increasing surface area.

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