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Groove Time October 29, 2013

Groove Time October 29, 2013. What part of the world did the Vikings come from? What did Vikings do during the 9 th and 10 th centuries? What was valued in Viking society? Who were the first settlers of North America and when did they arrive?. The Crusades. October 29, 2013. The Crusades.

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Groove Time October 29, 2013

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  1. Groove TimeOctober 29, 2013 • What part of the world did the Vikings come from? • What did Vikings do during the 9th and 10th centuries? • What was valued in Viking society? • Who were the first settlers of North America and when did they arrive?

  2. The Crusades October 29, 2013

  3. The Crusades • Religious conflicts between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages • War against the “infidels” or unbeliever

  4. Knight Templars • Most skilled Christian fighters • Protect Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land • Provided both knights and money to fund the Crusades

  5. First Crusade, 1096-1099 CE • Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II for help against the Turks in 1096 • Mostly French • Attracted by religion, adventure and wealth • Holy city of Jerusalem taken by army

  6. Second Crusade,1147-1149 CE • Cities recaptured by Muslims • The Church calls for another “crusade” • Total failure for Christians

  7. Third Crusade, 1189-1192 CE • Reaction to fall of the Holy City of Jerusalem in 1187 • Led by leaders of Germany, England and France • Ended with agreement that Christians are allowed access to city but city remained under Muslim rule

  8. Fourth Crusade, 1202-1204 CE • Set out to reclaim Muslim-controlled Jerusalem • Got distracted in Constantinople • Sacked the (Orthodox) Christian city “There was never a greater crime against humanity than the Fourth Crusade.”

  9. Children’s Crusade, 1212 • Nicholas of Cologne says God has told him to lead a Children’s Crusade to Jerusalem • Thousands of young people follow to Italy

  10. Effects of Crusades • Helped stabilize European society • Development of centralized governments • Monarchs began to expand their powers • Growth in religious enthusiasm • Laid the groundwork for the Inquisition

  11. Effects on Relations • Solidified schism between Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians • Merchants were more inclined to trade with Middle East

  12. Ottoman Empire October 30, 2013

  13. Intro • Late 13th century, a group of Turks in the NW corner of Anatolia Peninsula begin Ottoman Empire. • Expand to Western Asia, North Africa and Europe • Reached its height under Süleyman (1520-1566)

  14. Ottoman Rule • “Gunpowder empire” – outside conquerors unified the conquered regions • Successful due to military strength/technology • Sultan: supreme political and military leader • Hereditary • Advised by imperial counsel • Pashas: local rulers

  15. Religion • Sunni Muslims • Sultan responsible for guiding flock and maintaining Islamic law • Tolerant of non-Muslims • Paid taxes but allowed to worship

  16. Society • Ruling class • Merchants • Artisans • Peasants • Pastoral peoples • Sultan owned all the land

  17. Culture • Exchange of Western and Ottoman ideas • Patrons of the arts • Textiles, arms/armor and architecture (Mosques)

  18. Fall of Ottoman Empire • Trade with Europe led to weakened Ottoman economy • Military failure in Vienna shows weakness • Expanding divide between upper and lower classes

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