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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1848-1854. 1848 Election. Spread of slavery= possible rift for both Democrats and Whigs General Lewis Cass (Democrat) Popular sovereignty General Zachary Taylor (Whig) Third party- Free Soil Party (Martin Van Buren) Diverse group of supporters.

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1848-1854

  2. 1848 Election • Spread of slavery= possible rift for both Democrats and Whigs • General Lewis Cass (Democrat) • Popular sovereignty • General Zachary Taylor (Whig) • Third party- Free Soil Party (Martin Van Buren) • Diverse group of supporters

  3. California Gold Rush • Gold in 1848= hordes of people • Need for law and order • 1849 Constitution (no slavery!) avoid Territory stage • New Mexico and Utah California precedent?

  4. Angry Southerners • 1850= balance between North and South • South= majority on SC, in cabinet, president • Outnumbered in House, equal in Senate • Afraid of a free California, New Mexico and Utah had been won with Southern help! • Border dispute between Texas and NM • North demanding a free soil DC • Underground Railroad new Fugitive Slave Law? • Resentful towards abolitionist attitudes

  5. The Compromise of 1850 • Southern “fire eaters” demanding secession compromise needed • 1850: Taylor died, Millard Fillmore= more open  series of laws passed= Compromise of 1850 • California • NM= disputed territory for $10 million to Texas • Slave trade abolished in DC • Popular sovereignty for Mexican Cession • Stronger Fugitive Slave Law

  6. The Compromise of 1850 • North= better deal • Opposition to Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 • Nullification? • South= bitter • 1850’s= necessary decade to cement northern Unionists

  7. Pierce and Expansion • Pierce= Southern sympathizer (Jefferson Davis as Secretary of War) • Look to Latin America for expansion (Manifest Destiny and slavery) • Canal through Nicaragua? • William Walker • Clayton-Bulmer Treaty • Commodore Mathew Perry “open” Japan

  8. Cuba • Cuba= Manifest Destiny! • Polk offered $100 million- refused • 1850-51: filibustering expeditions attempted to seize Spain reacted by seizing steamship Black Warrior • Ostend Manifesto= justification • North= angry, domestic unrest

  9. Railroads • Need for a transcontinental railroad North or South? • Gadsden Purchase • Fear of a free soil Nebraska

  10. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Stephen A. Douglas split Nebraska into 2 territories • Nebraska= west of free soil Iowa, Kansas= west of slave state Missouri • Popular sovereignty with Kansas-Nebraska Act • Violated Missouri Compromise of 1820! • Passage= breach of faith

  11. Lasting Effects • Kansas-Nebraska Act= downhill slide to Civil War no more compromising • North= denied enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act • Democratic Party= split • Creation of Republican Party

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