Iraqi Academic Visit to UK Imperial College WHO Collaborating Centre Prof Yusra AR Mahmood April/ May 2013

1. Iraqi Academic Visit to UKImperial College WHO Collaborating Centre Prof Yusra AR MahmoodApril/ May 2013

5. Imperial has four faculties - medicine, natural science, engineering and business. • Founded in 1907 as a constituent college of the University of London, it became independent in 2007. • Its main campus in London's museum quarter and seven others house more than 1,200 scholars and around 13,000 students. http:// www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012 -13 /subject-ranking/subject/clinical- pre-clinical-health

8. Aims: • To Strengthen skills of the delegates and allow them to gain experience in teaching activities • Raising their levels to international standards • Establish opportunities for collaboration between MoHERS , Iraqi universities and Imperial college London • تطوير المهارات والحصول على خبرة في مجال التعليم ، • الإرتقاء بالمستوى الى مقاييس عالمية ، • توفير فرص للتعاون بين وزارة التعليم والجامعات العراقية والامبيريال كوليج

9. Medicine curriculum overview • Modern medical undergraduate teaching and learning based on problem/case , student centered settings • Research proposal/ protocol • Systematic review • MHRA(Medicine health regulation Agency) المحتويات : شقين : # علمي # سياحي 1- نظرة عامة على منهاج الطب 2- الطرق الحديثة في التعليم 3- كتابة البحث 4- مراجعة المصادر المنظم 5- وكالة تنظيم الصحة والطب

10. (1) Curriculum overview

11. FacultyofMedicine • MBBS/BSc Medicine at Imperial College London UCAS: A100 | 6 years • MBBS (Graduate Entry) Medicine at Imperial College London UCAS: A101 | 4 years • Intercalated BScoppourtunity • Biomedical Science BSc: • BSc in Biomedical ScienceUCAS: B900 | ECTS: 180 | 3 years • BSc in Biomedical Science with ManagementUCAS: B9N2| ECTS: 240 | 4 years

12. The course is delivered through a combination of classroom-based study and practical – including clinical – experience. • years one and two focusing on three core elements of the course: • the scientific basis of medicine • doctor and patient • clinical experience • Year three consists of three 10-week clinical attachments. • Year Four working towards the BSc by undertaking a series of modules and a supervised research project or a specialist course in an area of particular scientific or medical interest. • Year five includes a dedicated pathology course followed by six clinical specialities. • Year six includes a range of clinical attachments, professional work experience, courses, specialized study modules and private study periods. • http://www1.imperial.ac.uk/medicine/teaching/undergraduate/mbbsbscmedicine/

13. Medicine MBBS & MBBS (graduate entry) Course Overview Presented by Aileen O’Brien & 5th medical school students at St Georges university

26. (3) Good scientific writing by Geva Greenfield (PhD)

27. Why do we need to write? The main ‘product’ of the academic ‘factory’ is: • publications: scientific papers, grant proposals, patents, etc. • Share scientific knowledge • Funding • Promotion

28. “Selling” your paper • • Audience (proper market) • • Interesting, important, timely idea/message • • Quality of reported work • • Quality of : structure, style, grammar.

29. Audience • • Fitting the right product for the right market • • Who is my reader? • • What would they like to read about? • • Imagine talking with your reader

30. Structure, style, grammar “Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell”. Strunk & White. The Elements of Style. 1918 00000000000ما قل ودل 000000000000

31. Structure, style, grammar • A coherent story: beginning, middle and end. • An interesting, exciting story. • – The magazine/coffee shop test. • Clear and simple language: simple words and • short sentences • Follow the instructions for authors.

32. Basic structure of scientific article (IMRAD) Introduction = WHY (context) • What is already known about the subject • What is unknown/need further exploration • Research questions, goals and hypotheses Method • Who, how, when, where Results = WHAT we found • Answers to the research question and the tested hypothesis Discussion = WHAT does it mean? Why does it matter? (’so what’?, ‘who cares?’) How does it fit in with what other researchers have found? Limitations Perspectives for future research? Conclusion (summary

33. (4)Systematic review of literatures By :Prof SalmanAlRawaf , SondusHassounahWHOCC - Imperial college

35. What is systematic review? • It attempts to : • identify , • appraise and • synthesize all empirical evidences that meets pre-specified criteria to answer a given research question.

36. Search strategy : • This review will be conducted by two reviewers independently • No language restrictions • Bothe manual and electronic searching strategies • The initial selection will be broad

38. Any articles that are obviously unsuitable can be excluded in the early stage (on the basis of abstracts and titles) • The decision to exclude or include other articles will only be made once the full article has been read

39. 5 steps in conducting SR Step 5: interpreting the findings Step 4: summarizing the evidences Step 3: Assessing study quality Step 2: identifying relevant work Step 1 :framing Q for review

40. Step 1: • the problem to be addressed should be specified • Clear • Unambiguous • Structured Q: • The population • Intervention • Outcome • Study design

41. Step 2 : • Search for studies should be extensive • Using multiple resources • Without language restriction • The inclusion criteria are specified from the review Q.

42. Step 3: • Assessing study quality: • Design the threshold for study selection (inclusion criteria) • Quality assessment of safety design (bias)

44. Step 4: • Summarizing the evidences compared and discussed • Disagreement will be resolved by discussion • and external opinion will be requested if needed • Tabulation • Using meta-analysis

45. Step 5 : Interpreting the findings • The issues highlighted in each of the four steps above should be met. • The risk of biases should be explored. • Exploration for heterogeneity should help determine whether the overall summary can be trusted, and, if not, the effects observed in high-quality studies should be used for generating inferences. • Any recommendations should be graded by reference to the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence

46. Electronic research Pubmed , Google scholar , medline Key words: Included from manual search (index medicus) Excluded on the basis of title & abstract Full copies retrieved & assessed Studies identified from searching reference lists Excluded after reviewing the full texts Included in the SR

47. For further reading : Khan KS, Kunz R, Kleijnen J, Antes G. Systematic Reviews to Support Evidence-Based Medicine. How to Review and Apply findings of Health Care Research. London: RSM Press, 2003

50. M= Medicine • H= health • R= regulating • A= agency • A Government Trading Fund and an Executive Agency of the Department of Health (DH), established on 1 April 2003 • Size • Around 1270 staff, • with a total budget of ≈ £150 million.