Friday!

1. Friday! • Go over tests • No HW • NEED BOOKS ON MONDAY! • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #1 = Wednesday

2. Monday (absent) • Read Ch. 5.1 • Worksheet on Ion Formation • Bond Type Triangle Activity

3. Tuesday! • Notes: Types of Bonds & Ionic Bonding! • Check and go over ion formation worksheet • Go over Bond Type Triangle Activity - due THURSDAY • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #1 = tomorrow! • Mercury (I) – Dichromate • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #2 = Friday • Permanganate – Thiosulfate • Cumulative = Monday

4. Ionic Compounds Chapter 5 – pgs. 158 - 187

5. Ionic bonds • Formed between oppositely charged ions, which form by the transfer of one or more electrons • Atoms involved typically have very different electronegativities • Typically form between a metal and a nonmetal

6. Covalent Bonds • Formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms • Atoms involved typically have similar electronegativities • Typically form between nonmetals

7. Metallic Bonds • Bonding (valence) electrons are relatively free to flow throughout the structure • Atoms involved typically have similar electronegativities • Typically form between metals

8. Octet Rule • Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to have 8 valence electrons in their outer s and p orbitals. • Atoms are most stable when their electron configuration matches that of a noble gas

9. Review: Noble Gases • Noble gases are the least reactive elements • Why? • Their valence shells (outer s and p) are full • They do not need to gain or lose electrons to become stable

10. Review: Alkali Metals and Halogens • Alkali Metals and Halogens are the most reactive elements on the periodic table • Why? • They are only one electron away from having a full valence shell • will gain or lose electrons until their valence shells are full and stable

11. Review: Ions • Ion • An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and therefore has a positive or negative charge • Cation • An ion that has a positive charge • Anion • An ion that has a negative charge

12. Wednesday!! • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #1 • Notes • Go over Ion Formation Wkst • Work on Section 5.2 notes/worksheet – DUE FRIDAY • Bond Type Triangle – due FRIDAY

13. Predicting Ion Formation • The ions formed by most of the main group elements can be predicted • These elements will gain/lose electrons until they have the electron configuration of a noble gas • Atoms will gain/lose electrons, whichever is easiest/quickest – • remember what we know about electronegativity/ionization energy!

14. Predicting Ion Formation • Lets look at our ion formation worksheet.

15. Transition Metal Ions • Transition metals will form stable ions that do not have noble gas configurations • The ions formed by these elements will need to be told to you except: • Silver will always be +1 • Zinc will always be +2

16. Characteristics of Ions • When an ion forms only the electron configuration changes… Why? • (still has the same number of protons and neutrons as the parent atom) • Although the electron configuration matches that of a noble gas, the atom does not become a noble gas • Chemical properties of the ion are different from the chemical properties of the atom… Why? • Chemical properties are determined by electrons

17. Bond Type Triangle • Sometimes we can’t just depend on predictions and we have to use the • Bond-Type Triangle • Helps to determine what type of bond will occur between 2 particular atoms. You may continue working on this activity for the remainder of the period– DUE FRIDAY

18. Wednesday: • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #1 • Bond Type Triangles – DUE FRIDAY • HW: Read Through Lab • Bond Type Triangle – due FRIDAY

19. Thursday – Lab!! • Properties of solids lab! • Need: • Lab Notebooks • Lab Handout • Pen • Go over tables on Word • Work on Bond-Type Triangles ** Polyatomic Ion Quiz #2 = TOMORROW! ** • Lab Report DUE TUESDAY • Bond-Type Triangle – DUE FRIDAY

20. Cation + anion or Metal + nonmetal Covalent Compounds Different from: Formed by: Ionic Compounds Characteristics/properties High Melting Point High Boiling Point Hard and Brittle Solid at Room Temperature Conducts only if melted or dissolved

21. Atoms that share e- Or Nonmetal + nonmetal Ionic Compounds Formed by: Different from: Covalent Compounds Characteristics/properties Low Melting Point Low Boiling Point Most are gas at room temperature Not soluble in water Not good conductors

22. Friday NEED BOOKS!! • Turn in Bond Type Triangle Activity • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #2 • Fill in Ionic Bonding and Salts Notes Sheet using text books • Go over notes sheets • Polyatomic Ion Quiz #3 = MONDAY!!

23. Ionic Bonds form between • Cations & Anions • ions of opposite charge! • Example: NaCl (+) (-) CationAnion

24. Salt • An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of an acid • All salts are electrically neutral

25. Salt Formation • Energy is involved when an ionic compound (salt) is formed • Involves exothermic and endothermic steps

26. Lattice Energy • Energy released when ionic bonds are formed • Released when the crystal structure of a salt is formed as the separated ions bond.

27. Crystal Lattice • The regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged • The arrangement of the crystal lattice depends on the number and size of the ions • Ionic compounds are not made of molecules

28. Unit Cell • The smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice • The diagram below is for a simple cubic unit cell

29. Properties of Ionic Compounds • All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature • Ionic compounds are hard and brittle • Ionic compounds generally have high melting and boiling points • Ionic compounds are good conductors of electric current when they are in the liquid state • Ionic compounds conduct electric current when dissolved in water