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Cells

Cells. The Building Blocks of Life. Cells. Cell : The smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions. They are organized, grow, reproduce, use energy, and respond to stimuli. Muscle cells. Blood cells. Nerve cells. I. History of Cells.

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Cells

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  1. Cells The Building Blocks of Life

  2. Cells • Cell: The smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions. • They are organized, grow, reproduce, use energy, and respond to stimuli. Muscle cells Blood cells Nerve cells

  3. I. History of Cells

  4. Robert Hooke was the first to see and name cells in 1665. A thin slice of cork showing cells

  5. 10 years later in 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe living cells (bacteria and protozoa) Microscope he invented

  6. The nucleus was not described until 1833

  7. DNA was not described until the 1950s.

  8. Timeline of Cell Discoveries 1833 nucleus observed 1665 cells named Today 1600 1700 1800 1900 1675 bacteria observed 1950s DNA described Why did it take so long to make these discoveries?

  9. The technology did not exist!

  10. Scratch and sniff paper x1000 Mascara brush x35 Mosquito head x200 Staple in paper x35 http://www.mos.org/sln/SEM/sem.html

  11. II. Cell Theory A collection of ideas that forms the foundation for all biology. Equivalent to the Theory of Gravity (Physics), Atomic Theory (Chemistry), and Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Biology)

  12. 1. All living things are made of one or more cells.

  13. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. (The building blocks of life)

  14. 3. Living cells only come from other living cells. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

  15. III. Types of Cells

  16. Prokaryotic-cells that have no membrane (“skin”) bound nucleus • DNA floats freely inside the cell • Seen in the Monera Kingdom (bacteria)

  17. Eukaryotic-cells with membrane (“skin”) bound nucleus • Seen in the protist, fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms

  18. “Nucleus” • New-clee-us NOT • new-cue-lus • “nu-cue-ler bombs”

  19. Which cell is which? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

  20. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

  21. IV. Single or Multicelluar

  22. Some organisms are only one cell big. (unicellular) diatoms paramecium protozoa

  23. Some organisms are made of millions or billions of cells working together. (multicellular)

  24. In a single celled organism, the cell has to do all of the life characteristics by itself. Eating (using energy) Division (reproduction)

  25. In a multicellular organism, each cell is assigned a specific job. Together, they make the organism complete. Blood, nerve, and muscle cells working together make our heart complete.

  26. http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.singlecell/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.singlecell/ The 5 Kingdoms and their Cell Types X X X X X X X X X X X

  27. The more cells, the more complex the organism

  28. V. Cell Organization

  29. Within each cell, there are small structures that help the cell do its job, they are called organelles. (tiny organ)

  30. Cell Membrane: Protective outer covering for plant and animal cells. It controls what moves into and out of the cell. (revolving door)

  31. Cytoplasm: Supportive, gelatin-like structure found inside plant and animal cells. Helps maintain cell shape. (jell-o)

  32. Nucleus: Directs all cell activities in plant and animal cells. It also holds a copy of the chromosomes for the organism. (coach)

  33. Chromosomes: Found inside the nucleus, they contain the DNA which holds all of your hereditary information. (play-book)

  34. Nucleolus: Found inside the nucleus, it manufactures ribosomes. (ribosome factory)

  35. Ribosomes: Makes proteins for cells. (protein factory)

  36. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Helps transport materials around the cell. (hallway)

  37. Golgi Apparatus/Bodies: Sorts, packages, and mails proteins around the cell. (post office)

  38. Lysosomes: Contains digestive enzymes (acids) to help break down food, wastes, and worn out cell parts. (recycler)

  39. Lysosomes “eat” the tadpole tail.

  40. Mitochondria: breaks down food into energy for the organism. (batteries)

  41. Which type of cell would have more mitochondria? Why? • Muscle cells or fat cells?

  42. Vacuole: Storage containers for food, water, or waste. Plant cells have one large vacuole. (lunchbox)

  43. Plants with empty vacuoles have limp leaves and stems

  44. Cell Wall: Outermost covering of a plant cell. Provides protection and support for the plant. (brick wall)

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