Unit 1 outcome 3

1. Unit 1 outcome 3 By Sara Chaarani

2. Introduction Youth the ages between 12 – 18 also known as adolescence, a stage in which full of nonstop growth. Between these ages youth come across a range of things including milestones such as driving for the first time. Youth also start puberty at this age, this affects and changes the way youth socialise, their physical appearance, both these impact on the emotional and intellectual health. Then there are health issues that impact on Australian youth these health issues include:

3. Substance use • Alcohol: the highest consumed drug from 14 – 19 years can cause bowel, central nervous system and psychological problems, can put adolescents at risk of assaults, falls, unprotected sex, and risks whilst driving. • Tobacco: commonly used drug in Australia aged 14+ smoking can cause respiratory illness, cancers and pre mature deaths. • Illicit drugs: large numbers of Australian aged 14+ have used these illicit drugs, these drugs include: ice, marijuana, ecstasy etc. These drugs affect your mental health, organs and central nervous system.

5. Long term illnesses • Mental health: defined as a disturbance a person thought, feeling and behaviours. Mental health affects how an individual functions in all aspects of their life. Some mental health issues include: autism, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) eating disorders and schizophrenia. • Asthma: a respiratory condition that involves the airways narrowing and swelling, also mucus being produced can be triggered by second hand smoke, dust, pollen, exercise, animals, panic and stress. • Diabetes: this is due to the body producing too much glucose in the blood; this is triggered because the body can’t produce the right amount of insulin to convert food into energy.

6. Weight issues: • Overweight: can impact on premature death and chronic diseases. Obesity in youth can be caused by fatty foods and lack of exercise. • Underweight: can impact on health issues, it is mainly common in females, 1 in 10 youth are diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia

8. and... • Sun protection: Australia has the world’s highest rates for skin cancer, during the first 15 years skin is very sensitive, and anyone is prone to get skin cancer. Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Symptom of skin cancer are evident, these include freckles and beauty spots. • Sexual and reproductive health: this is a problem in youth because it may lead to pregnancy and STI’s; the most common type of infection in youth is Chlamydia. • Living independently: Australian youth live in a wide range of households either with parents or careers, or independently. Some live with friends, or a partner. Others may have their own children and live with them. • Homelessness: some youth are forced out of home; this causes factors such as poverty, unemployment and lack of affordable housing. Homelessness also leads to substance use. • Cyber safety: surfing the net on facebook, chatting on messenger may give some people perfect opportunity for bullying without getting caught, bullying includes things such as assaults, nasty comments, being excluded and spreading rumours.

9. Food Allergies

10. We are going to be looking at this one in a bit more detail. During this presentation we will be looking at how food allergies ... • Impact on all dimensions of health & development • The incidence and prevalence and changes overtime • Determinants of health that act as a risk factor protective factor • Government, community and personal strategies or programs designed to promote health and development of youth • Rights and responsibility of youth in accessing and using relevant services

11. These are some definitions to do with food allergies • Food allergies: is a condition in which is an abnormal immune response to a specific part of food. • Allergen: the particular substance that causes an allergy such as pollen, grass or dust. • Anaphylaxis: extreme sensitivity to a food product (allergic reaction) • Epi Pen: a portable hypodermic syringe that contains adrenaline for use in an emergency situation by someone with severe food allergies. • Antibodies: A protein produced that binds to a specific antigen • Antigen: a substance that stimulates an immune response in the body

13. For many Australian’s food allergies can be serious and fatal if consumed, sometimes it is even life threatening.

14. Why the body reacts to the food? Once the allergen had been consumed symptoms will start to appear, this is because the body assumes it is toxic, and the body then produces antibodies to fight the allergen which then causes the reaction.

15. Most common food allergies in youth are: • Peanut and other nuts • Eggs • Milk • Shellfish • Soy • Sesame • Gluten

17. Often those with a family history of food allergies have a 20-40% increased chance of developing an allergy. A sudden serious allergic reaction is known as an anaphylaxis and requires urgent medical attention. People with serious food allergies carry an Epi pen around in case of a serious allergic reaction.

19. Due to food allergies being more common in youth it has resulted in strict labelling laws on all food products, now produces Must declare what is included in the product and must also include what allergens in present in the product that my harm the community, such as gluten, nuts, fish, eggs, milk, soybeans, sesame seeds and many more.

20. Incidence and prevalence • Incidence: 5% of children have food allergies and only 1% of adults. • Prevalence: food allergies have raised 12 fold since 1995, with rates rising from 20-50%. Young people represent nearly 70% of food allergies fatality. • 3/24 people in this room have food allergies

21. Determinants of health that act as a risk or protective factor:

22. Biological factors do contribute to food allergies as they may be passed down through genetics. • Social environment (family): often people with food allergies feel isolated as they may have to store their foods in a different cupboard, or when they go out to lunch or dinner they may have to miss out because the restaurant does not cater for specific food allergies example gluten and nuts. This often leads them to bringing their own foods. • Social environment (community): it may seem new that now in leading supermarkets such as Coles and Safeway/Woolworths are now catering for people with food allergies, what they have been doing is creating special sections in isles in order to make shopping easier, this is great as it puts less stress on the consumer with food allergies and is also less time consuming, (reading the label)

23. Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apje3PcawNA food allergies 2:28 min • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-47w1JzlREParents Speak about Their Children's Food Allergies 6:01min

24. Bibliography • Textbook • http://www.allergyfacts.org.au/product.html