Launching a New Government

1. Launching a New Government Chapter 7

2. Federal Hall – New York City Where Congress first met

3. The First Government Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury George Washington President Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State

4. Courts and Rights • The Judiciary Act of 1789 set up the court system for the US (what is the structure?) • The Bill of Rights served as the first ten amendments to the Constitution (what are they about?)

5. The interest on the domestic debt is computed to the end of this year, because the details of carrying any plan into execution, will exhaust the year. Dollars. Cents. The annual interest of the foreign debt has been stated at 542,599 66 And the interest on the domestic debt at four per cent would amount to 1,696,563 43 Making together, Dollars 2,239,163 09 Hamilton’s Report on the Public Credit

6. Economics Review • What are 3 ways in which the national government can get money in an attempt to overturn it’s debt? • What would you do if you were in Hamilton’s position of debt?

7. Alexander Hamilton • What were his beliefs? • How did those beliefs guide his principles?

8. Debating Hamilton’s Report Despite the successful beginnings, a lot of work still had to be done on the domestic front. Hamilton’s report led to a series of issues that were debated: • Paying off the debt (who pays it?) • Collecting future revenue for the country (who invests?) • Taxation (who and what gets taxed?) • Creating a National Bank (where will the money go?) • Strict v. Loose Interpretation of Constitution

9. Hamilton (Federalist) Madison (Antifederalist) Topic Debt Investors Taxation National Bank Interpretation Hamilton v. Madison

10. Hamilton’s Report Divide up your group into these five sections and be prepared to express what you believe about each and why you believe it. Side 1 – Hamilton and Federalists Side 2 – Madison, Jefferson, and the Antifederalists

11. The First National Divisions • Hamilton (North) v. Madison (South) • Why did Northerners agree with Hamilton’s programs? • Why did the Southerners disagree with Hamilton’s programs?

12. The National BankDebate Starts "The tendency of a national bank is to increase public and private credit. The former gives power to the state for the protection of its rights and interests, and the latter facilitates and extends the operations of commerce amongst individuals.“ - Alexander Hamilton, Report on Public Credit "[A] national bank ... was not essential to the work of the Federal Government ... This was ... only a measure for carrying out the interests of wealthy men with those of the government.“ - William Graham Sumner

13. Newspaper Propaganda • In pairs, choose one of Hamilton’s domestic policy topics and pick different sides of that topic and then… • Create a 1 page newspaper article or political cartoon that describes the “Report on Public Credit” from the point of view that you have – include at least 2 reasons for the point of view (visually or written)

14. The Whiskey Rebellion What was the Whiskey Rebellion and what is significant about the way it was handled by the national government?

15. Economic Philosophy Would Hamilton’s economic ideas of his time work today? Do the following: • Create a thesis • Have 3 sentences that back up the ideas (include 1 specific outside information source in each sentence)

16. To Review: Foreign Policy Issues • Consider the following options regarding foreign policy and put them in the order of most effective to least effective and why • War • Aggressive Negotiation (forceful negotiations) • Passive Negotiation (compromising negotiation) • Isolation (no negotiations or alliances)

17. Spanish Settlements Where did Spain settle and what foreign policy problems did we have with them?

18. Pressing Foreign Policy Matters • Spain – more settlements and troops, closed port of New Orleans • England – seized merchant ships and impressed seamen, kept troops in US • Natives – resisted US western settlements

19. Jay and Pinckney Treaties Jay’s Treaty with England (1794) and Pickney’s Treaty with Charles IV (1795) What did these treaties do to solve the new foreign policy issues? How did the US deal with Natives in foreign policy?

20. “Citizen” Genet and French Revolution The Storming of the Bastille and Edmond Genet

21. The French Revolution and Ideology • At first, what was the attitude of most Americans before the revolution became more radical? • When the revolution became more radical in ideology and war broke out with Britain what were the responses of Americans? • How did the French Revolution lead to the creation of the first political parties?

22. Washington says Farewell • What was the message of Washington’s farewell address? Did people follow his advice? “The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.” ― George Washington, George Washington's Farewell Address

23. Election of 1796

24. The XYZ Affair The Marquis de Tallyrand refuses to meet with Elbridge Gerry and John Marshall, nearly causing a war

25. John Adams Presidency • Foreign Policy – XYZ Affair and undeclared naval war with France • Domestic Policy – Alien and Sedition Acts, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • What issues hurt John Adams going into the Election of 1800?

26. Alien Act v. Virginia Resolution Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall belawful for the President of the United States at any time during the continuance of this act, to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, to depart out of the territory of the United States, within such time as shall be expressed in such order, which order shall be served on such alien by delivering him a copy thereof, or leaving his usual abode, and returned to the office of the Secretary of State, by the marshal or other person to whom the same shall be directed. - Alien Act “That this Assembly doth explicitly and peremptorily declare, that it views the powers of the federal government as resulting from the compact to which the states are parties, as no further valid than they are authorized by the grants enumerated in that compact; and that, in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by the said compact, the states, who are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose.” - Virginia Resolution

27. Election of 1800

28. Presidential Candidate Popular Vote(a), (b), (c) Electoral Vote Count Percentage Thomas Jefferson 41,330 61.4% 73 Aaron Burr — — 73 John Adams 25,952 38.6% 65 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney — — 64 John Jay — — 1 The two Democratic-Republican candidates tied for the electoral college votes due to a mix-up among electors, leading to the 12th Amendment.

29. The Rise of the Merchant Class • Where did most merchants live and what did they originally do when the country began? • Why and how did things change for merchants by 1800? • What effect did the merchants have on the growth of the US?

30. “Measures which serve to abridge the free competition of foreign Articles, have a tendency to occasion an enhancement of prices.” - Alexander Hamilton Report on Manufacturers

31. The Social Groups • Women (any changes?) • African-Americans (any changes?) – Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, Saint Domingue, Gabriel’s Rebellion, Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin revive plantation economy • Native Americans (any changes?) – Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts

32. Minorities in the 1790s Republican Motherhood increases (above) while slave populations rise and their freedoms fall (left)

33. Summary Essay • Analyze the economic, social, and foreign actions of the new government and determine whether they were successful. • Include a: • Thesis – Success or not? • 3 paragraphs with 2 specifics each • Conclusion