The Rock Cycle - Part 1: Rock Review

1. The Rock Cycle Part 1 – Rock Review Rock types Changing rocks The rock cycle

2. Directions To view this presentation properly click “slideshow’ then “From Beginning”. Go through the presentation and create a chart on each type of rock and how they form. Include a description, where they are found, and sketch an example.

3. The Rock Cycle Rock types

4. Name that rock... ? Believe it or not, rocks can be classified into groups – just like living organisms. The three main groups are: igneous sedimentary metamorphic What are the clues to help classify rocks?

5. Sedimentary Usually found close to the surface where weathering occurs. Grains often visible. Fossils can be present. Often porous (let water pass through easily). Sedimentary rocks – form from sediments that get cemented together.

6. Igneous rocks Tough rocks with no plates visible. Some have crystals No fossils present – EVER! Igneous rocks – form when molten rock cools and hardens.

7. Rock factory A volcano is a giant rock factory. Magma (molten rock) from below the ground is pushed to the surface and cools to form igneous rocks.

8. Metamorphic rock Are made deep in the earth’s crust Beds often have wavy bands, but can also be a solid color. Often very dense. Metamorphic rocks – form from other rocks being under extreme heat and pressure.

9. Practice Go through the next slides and practice identifying rocks based on the picture and clues.

10. Your first specimen... Crystals visible Very tough rock Water cannot pass through (not porous) What is this? Clues: Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Igneous!

11. How about this one... Fossils present Very porous Layers visible ? Clues: Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Sedimentary!

12. And this one... Grains very small Clear layers Not porous No fossils ? Clues: Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Metamorphic!

13. Last chance... Grains very small No layers Not porous No fossils ? Clues: Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Metamorphic!

14. True or false? True or false? 1.Igneous rocks form from cooling magma produced by volcanoes. 2. Sedimentary rocks never contain fossils. 3.Igneous rocks are usually very porous. 4.Sedimentary rocks often have layers. 5.Granite is a metamorphic rock. TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE

15. The rock cycle Changing rocks

16. All change! Rocks may last a long time but they do change. Even tough igneous rocks may be broken down to smaller particles. We call this process weathering. Small particles may be moved to new areas. We call this transportation. The two processes together (weathering and transportation) are called erosion. Reminder:

17. Squeezing rocks Sediments may be laid down by water. Over many years the sediments build up and stick together to form a new sort of rock. Sometimes earthquakes and volcanoes bury old rocks underground. Very high temperatures and pressures change these rocks into new ones called metamorphic rocks. What happens to particles from eroded rock?

18. The rock cycle The Rock Cycle Review Click on the numbers in the next slide to got through the stages of the rock cycle. Then, take the quiz!

19. The rock cycle

20. Rock cycle quiz 1.Metamorphic rocks are made by… a)heat and pressure acting on other rocks b) particles dropping out of suspension in streams and rivers c)a small factory outside Manchester. 2.Which of these would you NOT find in sedimentary rocks… a)fossils b) layered structure c)interlocking crystals of minerals.

21. Rock cycle quiz 3.The rock cycle is… a)a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms b) an explanation of how heating and cooling can break down rocks c)a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber. 4.You could find the density of a rock sample by… a)dividing its mass by its volume b) dividing its volume by its mass c)multiplying its volume by its mass.

22. Rock cycle quiz 5.Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with… a)large crystals b) small crystals c)no crystals. 6.You can dissolve the carbonate in a limestone sample using a)hydrochloric acid b) cold water c)boiling water.

23. Part 2 - Mineral Identification Review Purpose of Review: to observe the physical properties of minerals to test physical properties and identify minerals 1

24. Directions Create a chart explaining how we test mineral properties. Each item should include a sketch to show how it is done.

25. What is a mineral??????? Mineral Definition (5 parts) Naturally occurs Solid Inorganic (non-living) Definite chemical composition Crystalline structure Mineral Identification 2

26. 4 Physical properties of Minerals Minerals are identified using physical properties. Mineral Physical Properties: • color • streak - color of powder • luster - reflection of light • hardness • special mineral properties

27. Color Color isthe most noticeable physical property but the least accurate. The same mineral can occur in many different colors. Do not trust color. Observation in the next slide: The same mineral can be red, green, blue, white, clear, and many other colors. Physical Properties – Mineral ID 7

28. Different color fluorite minerals Don't trust color 8

29. Streak What - Streak is the Color of the powdered residue left on a small tile. How - The mineral is scratched across the streak plate and the color of the powdered residue is observed. Observation on the Next Slide: Scratch a line over a streak plate (small white tile). Observe the color of the powdered residue left on it. Physical Properties – Mineral ID 9

30. 10

31. Luster Is how the mineral reflect light. Is the mineral metallic or non-metallic? Just look at it. MetallicNon-metallic resembles polished metal glossy (silver, gold, copper) vitreous (glassy) waxy, greasy earthy (concrete) resinous greasy pearly Observation on Next Slide: Allow the light to reflect off the fresh mineral surface and determine if the mineral is metallic or non-metallic 11

33. Cleavage Planes • Cleavage represents the tendency of a mineral to • break leaving flat sides. Observation on the Next Slide: Look for the flat cleavage planes by rotating the mineral and observing. 13

34. Brakes along planes of weakness Flashes of light (Checking for cleavage) Cleavage surfaces 14

35. 15

36. Fracture surfaces represent: Minerals that break without a pattern fracture. When broken, smaller pieces will not repeat themselves. Observation on the Next Slide: Look for cracks and fractures. Notice the random jagged pattern. 16

37. Conchoidal fracture (dished shaped features) 17

38. Hardness How hard is the mineral – or how the mineral resists scratching. German mineralogist – Friedrich Moh (1773-1839) created the Moh’s scale of hardness with Talc being #1 the softest and diamond being #10 the hardest. Observation on the Next Slide: What scratches a mineral? Start with the softest item and if it does not scratch move to the next item. 18

39. If you discover a mineral that you can scratch with your fingernail and a penny, but it will not leave a scratch on glass, what is its hardness? Hardness of 4 -5 19

40. Special mineral properties: Reaction to Acid – Mineral will fizz when subjected to acid. Magnetism – Magnets are attracted to the mineral. Double refraction – An image beneath the mineral is repeated or doubled. Odor– How the mineral smells. Taste – Does the mineral have taste?? 21

41. Acid reaction (fizzing) Magnetism 22