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MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES. FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY MARTINI, 9 TH EDITION, Chapters # 4, 10 & 11 Lab Manual Exercise # 13. NOTE:. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE , NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

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  1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES.FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY MARTINI, 9TH EDITION, Chapters # 4, 10 & 11Lab Manual Exercise # 13

  2. NOTE: • THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. • THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BEASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. • STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS

  3. Competency 5: The Muscular System • Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and their physiology by: Recognize the three types of muscle tissue. Describing the location and functions of the microscopic structures of skeletal muscle.

  4. TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSSUES • NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (MODEL #1) • MIOFIBRIL (MODEL #2)

  5. TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSUES • SKELETAL • CARDIAC • SMOOTH

  6. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE • CELLS- LONG • CYLINDRICAL • STRIATED • MULTINUCLEATED • LOCATION- SKELETAL MUSCLE • COMBINED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE & • NERVOUS TISSUE • FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVE BODY PARTS & STABILIZE THE • POSTURE OF THE SKELETON • 2- GUARDS ENTRANCE & EXITS TO THE • DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, & URINARY TRACTS • 3- TO GENERATE HEAT • 4- TO PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS

  7. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE • CELLS- ARE SHORT • BRANCHED & STRIATED • SINGLE NUCLEUS (USUALLY) • INTERCONNECTED BY INTERCALATED DISCS • LOCATION- HEART • FUNCTIONS: 1- CIRCULATES THE BLOOD • 2- MAINTAINS BLOOD (HYDROSTATIC) • PRESSURE

  8. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE • CELLS- SHORT • SPINDLE SHAPED • NON STRIATED • A SINGLE CENTRAL NUCLEUS • LOCATION- ENCIRCLES BLOOD VESSELS • IN THE WALLS OF THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY • URINARY & REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS • FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVES FOOD IN DIGESTIVE TRACT AND • FLUIDS IN THE DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND • REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS 2-CONTROLS DIAMETERS OF RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS & BLOOD VESSELS

  9. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  10. ORGANIZATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • EPIMISYUM • PERIMYSIUM • ENDOMYSIUM THEY CONVERGE TO FORM: TENDONS APONEUROSES

  11. EPIMYSIUM- A DENSE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE. • IT SEPARATES THE MUSCLE FROM OTHER TISSUES • PERIMYSIUM- IT DIVIDES THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INTO COMPARTMENT IT SURROUNDS THE FASCICLES • FASCICLE- A BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS

  12. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  13. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  14. MODEL #1(MOTOR UNIT) • AXON TERMINAL- END PART OF THE AXON OF THE NEURON • F- TO RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER • MUSCLE CELLS OR FIBERS- THE WHOLE STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE • NEURON F- CONTRACTS TO SHORTEN THE WHOLE MUSCLE • NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION- AREA IN WHICH THE • NEURON & THE MUSCULAR CELL ARE JOINED • (A BUMP IN THE MODEL) • AXON OF THE MOTOR NEURON- (LIKE A SAUSAGE IN THE MODEL) • IT IS A CYTOPLASMATIC EXTENSION OF THE NEURON THAT • CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE • MOTOR UNIT- NEURON + MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER • ENDOMYSIUM- IT SURROUNDS THE SARCOLEMMA OR CELL • MEMBRANE (THE ROUGH AREA OUTSIDE) • MYOFIBRILS- THEY ARE FOUND INSIDE THE MUSCLE FIBERS. THEY CAN NUMBER IN 100’S TO 1000’S AND THEY CONTAIN BUNDLES OF • MYOFILAMENTS • NUCLEUS OF MUSCLE CELL- IT IS THE CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELL

  15. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  16. MODEL #2 (MYOFIBRIL) • MITOCHONDRIA-TO PRODUCE ATP (ENERGY) • SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM- IT SURROUNDS THE • MYOFIBRIL • F- TO STORE CALCIUM FOR MUSCULAR CONTRACTION • T TUBULE: CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE INSIDE MUSCLE • CELL • TERMINAL CISTERNA: ENLARGED AREAS OF • SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT RELEASES • CALCIUM • TRIAD: TERMINAL CISTERNA + T TUBULE

  17. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  18. MYOFILAMENTS- PROTEIN FILAMENTS COMPOSED OF • ACTIN & MYOSIN • ACTIN- FORMS THE BULK OF THE THIN FILAMENTS • MYOSIN- FORMS THE THICK FILAMENTS • A BAND- IS DARK AREA COMPOSED MOSTLY OF THICK FILAMENT AND INCLUDING PORTIONS OF THIN FILAMENTS THAT INTERCALATE WITH THEM • I BAND- IS LIGHT AREA THAT CONTAINS ONLY THIN • IT FILAMENTS EXTENDS FROM A BAND OF ONE SARCOMERE TO THE A BAND OF THE NEXT • SARCOMERE • H ZONE- A LIGHTER REGION ON THE MID PART OF THE • A BAND THAT CONTAINS ONLY THICK FILAMENTS

  19. SARCOMERE- AREA BETWEEN 2 Z LINES • SMALL FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE MUSCLE FIBER • THEY NUMBER MORE OR LESS IN THE 10,000S • LINE Z- IT MARKS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ADJACENT SARCOMERES - IT IS THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE THIN FILAMENTS

  20. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  21. MARTINI (PG 292) ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  22. CHARTS & MODELS • TENDONS- LOCATED AT THE END OF THE MUSCLE THEY JOIN MUSCLES TO BONES • LIGAMENTS- THEY JOIN BONE TO BONE • APONEUROSES- FLAT SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT USUALLY JOIN MUSCLE TO MUSCLE • GALEA (EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS) • IT CONNECTS FRONTALIS WITH OCCIPITALIS • LUMBAR- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE BACK • ABDOMINAL- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN

  23. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  24. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  25. ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

  26. REMEMBER!GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.SEE INTERACTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CDROOM 3326.

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