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History of the Environmental Movement in the United States

History of the Environmental Movement in the United States. Pattern of Resource Use. First People of North America. 25,000 years ago Native Americans Nomadic cultures Viewed themselves as one with nature Used resources but did not abuse the resource. The Exploitation Years 1620-1900.

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History of the Environmental Movement in the United States

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  1. History of the Environmental Movement in the United States

  2. Pattern of Resource Use

  3. First People of North America • 25,000 years ago • Native Americans • Nomadic cultures • Viewed themselves as one with nature • Used resources but did not abuse the resource

  4. The Exploitation Years1620-1900

  5. The Roots of Abuse • The First Colonists • 3 “Things” that would change the continent • Gun • Axe • Wheel • Manifest Destiny – man is controller of land, not part of the land • Westward Expansion

  6. Myth of SuperabundanceRaid of Resources • Raid of the Wildlife • Raid of Eastern Forests • Raid of Wisconsin Forests • Raid of Minerals • Cattle Barons and Sod Busters

  7. Early Philosophers of Conservation • Henry David Thoreau: wildlife areas • George Perkins Marsh: Man and Nature (1864)

  8. Early Activists and Actions • John Wesley Powell: Powell Report – first advocate to regulate land use • Yellowstone National Park Created (1872) by President Grant

  9. The Conservation Years(1900 – 1942)

  10. The Beginnings • President Harrison – passed a law stating that the President could set aside lands for national parks and national forests • Extremely crucial legislation for the environment

  11. Early Leaders • John Muir (1838-1914: Sierra Club • Gifford Pinchot (1865 – 1946): 1st Chief U.S. Forester • Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909): Boone and Crocket Club • Reclamation Act: put Powell’s ideas into effect

  12. Park Service • National Park Service created in 1916 • Stephen Mather: 1st Head of Park Service

  13. Citizen Conservation Groups • Sierra Club • Audubon • Wilderness Society

  14. Decline of Private Lands

  15. FDR and Renewed Conservation Initiatives • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – 1st Land Restoration Project

  16. FDR (cont.) • Soil Conservation Society (SCS) – professional soil conservationists to prevent erosion and loss of soil nutrients

  17. FDR (cont.) • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – planted trees, erosion control, nature trails, etc. • Federal program to give the unemployed men jobs during the depression

  18. FDR (cont.) • Eastern National Forest Created • Wisconsin (1934) • Nicolet • Chequamegon

  19. FDR (cont.) • Taylor Grazing Act – controlled use of public land

  20. WW II Close of the Conservation Era

  21. The Environmental Era(1948 - ???)

  22. Aldo Leopold • Environmental Philosophy • “Sand County Almanac” • Longtime Wisconsin educator and resident

  23. Awakening of Environmental Philosophy • Rachel Carson: “Silent Spring” • Paul Ehrlich’s: “Population Bomb”

  24. Decade of Unrest (1960’s) • Racism and Vietnam • Santa Barbara Oil Spill • Cyuahoga River Burns: Cleveland • A View from Space

  25. Grass Roots Movement Explodes • Nixon’s Environmental Message to Congress • Supported political regulation of the environment

  26. Earth Day • First Earth Day • 1970 • Gaylord Nelson • Wisconsin Governor and Senator • 1st teach in on the environment • April 22

  27. “Environmental Decade” Legislation • Wilderness Act: 1964 • Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: 1968 • National Environmental Policy Act: 1969 • The Clean Air Act: 1972 • The Clean Water Act: 1972

  28. Legislation (cont.) • Pesticide Control Act: 1972 • Endangered Species Act: 1973 • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: 1976 • Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act: 1977

  29. Legislation (cont.) • Alaska Lands Bill: 1980 • Superfund: 1980

  30. Institutionalizing Environmental Protection • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): federal • Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR): state

  31. Future Projections and Predictions • Global 2000 • Global Future: Time to Act • North-South • World Development Report • The Next 2000 Years • The Ultimate Resource

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