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The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715

The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715. Europe during the Age of Absolutism. The Thirty Year’s War. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Changed the way countries dealt with one another – national sovereignty was respected for the first time

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The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715

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  1. The Age of Absolutism in Europe1600-1715

  2. Europe during the Age of Absolutism

  3. The Thirty Year’s War • Treaty of Westphalia (1648) • Changed the way countries dealt with one another – national sovereignty was respected for the first time • England and France became the two dominant powers of the 17th Century and led the revolutions in science, philosophy and political theory

  4. Revolutions in Thought • The gulf between the church and science widened in the 17th Century • In 1633 Galileo was tried before the church for his theories of heliocentrism (the sun not the earth was the center of the universe) • Galileo defied the church and was tortured into silence

  5. The Scientific Revolution • From mid 16th to the beginning of the 18th Century, a revolution in science would challenge how Europeans perceived themselves and the universe • Isaac Newton formulated his Three Laws of Motion • William Harvey – his human blood circulation discoveries challenged the accepted belief that the heart worked by divine intervention

  6. The Scientific Method and The Birth of Modern Philosophy • For centuries it was believed that truths were arrived at by studying the Bible • The 17th Century saw a rise in systematic skepticism, experimentalism, and reasoning based on observed facts and mathematical laws • Francis Bacon – direct observation was essential to ascertain truth • Rene Descartes – applied mathematical methods and reasoning to philosophy

  7. John Locke (1632 – 1704) • English philosopher • Believed that over time people would join together to benefit from cooperation • Through a Social Contract, sovereignty would remain with the people

  8. Thomas Hobbes (1588 –1679) • English philosopher • Wrote Leviathan – life began in a state of nature • Man is inherently selfish and aggressive • Left on own, chaos and conflict would rule • Citizens need law and to follow a sovereign to avoid chaos

  9. Absolutism in France • Louis XIV epitomized the absolutist belief that the monarchy personified the state • Absolutism was created under Cardinal Richelieu who secularized France and fostered loyalty to the French state

  10. Absolutism in France cont. • Cardinal Richelieu centralized power by alienating the nobility • The greatest threat to the monarchy was the nobility • Monarchs created standing armies for the first time • Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles as a testament to his power and used it to gain control of the nobility

  11. Palace of Versailles

  12. Versailles Grande Gallerie • Daily routines at Versailles were exploited by Louis XIV • The nobility competed against each other to perform menial tasks for the king

  13. Palace Gardens

  14. Louis XIV and the Arts • Moliere, France’s greatest playwright in the 17th Century • Mocked and alienated the aristrocracy in his plays • Received support and funding from Louis XIV

  15. Baroque Art • Stylistically complex • Meant to evoke emotion by appealing to the senses • Bernini’s sculptures captured figures in the state of intense emotion • Rembrandt van Rijn rejected traditional arrangements for portraits by not giving equal prominence to each member of the group

  16. Absolutism in Eastern Europe • Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great) of Russia • Modernized Russia through Westernization • Taxed his subjects heavily to pay for his projects • Killed 1000 members of streltsy when they tried to depose him

  17. 17th Century England • Constitutionalism not Absolutism ruled • English monarchs held accountable to Parliament • James I (1603-1625) supported absolute rule • Charles I (1625-1649) fought with Parliament over money for his wars with Spain • Charles II (1660-1685) learned the lessons of his predecessors – don’t mess with Parliament • James II (1685-1688) was an unpopular king because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule

  18. The Glorious Revolution (1688) • William of Orange, the Dutch monarch was asked by the English people to depose their king, James II • A bloodless coup ensued as James II fled England • Parliament now reigned supreme • The Bill of Rights (1689) outlined the powers and rights of Parliament

  19. Works Cited • Google Images • Legacy by Garfield Newman • http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroProjects

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