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Church Reform & The Crusades

Church Reform & The Crusades. Ch 14, Section 1. Remember…. Dark Ages = Weak gov’ts / Feudalism/Fighting = Ppl unhappy = Focus on CHURCH & getting to Heaven. Church problems. Clergy- some Illiteracy, morals?, cared about $$ and power- not God Major issues: Clergy marriage

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Church Reform & The Crusades

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  1. Church Reform & The Crusades Ch 14, Section 1

  2. Remember… • Dark Ages = • Weak gov’ts/ Feudalism/Fighting = • Ppl unhappy = • Focus on CHURCH & getting to Heaven

  3. Church problems • Clergy- some Illiteracy, morals?, cared about $$ and power- not God • Major issues: • Clergy marriage • Simony (NC) – Bishops sold positions in the church • Lay Investiture • Problems = Reform (let’s fix this…)

  4. Reform (let’s fix this..) • Church= restructured to resemble a kingdom, Pope at top • Popes traveled like diplomats throughout Europe = his power was extended (wksht) • New religious orders- importance of study &God: • Dominicans • Benedictines (vow of silence) • Fransiscans

  5. Cathedrals (p. 381) • New spirit in the church (b.c. of reform) & access to more $$ from growing trade in towns = building of bigger, better churches (wksht) • = Cathedrals • = became VERY popular b.c. it was meant to inspire the worshipper of the magnificance of God • =500 Gothic churches built between 1170-1270 (wksht)

  6. Gothic (NC) • Who: _______________ • What: new style of architecture from the Germanic tribe the Goths that thrust upwards reaching towards heaven • Where: _______________ • When: 1100s • Why: sculpture, wood carvings, stained glass, vaulted ceiling = inspire worshipper with the magnificence of God

  7. The Crusades • Who: Muslims vs. Christians • What: Series of “holy wars” to gain control over the Holy Land, Palestine/Jeruselum. • Where: Palestine, Middle East • When: • Why: (later…)

  8. Timeline of events…(Worksheet) • The Byzantine Emp. asked for help agnst. Muslim Turks… • = the Pope read it & issued a “Crusade” / “Holy War”, b.c.: • He wanted to reclaim the Holy Land & Reunite Christendom (remember the Schism-1054?) • = He needed people to fight so… • = if you fought = guaranteed a place in Heaven! • = BUNCHA people signed up & really popular!!

  9. (Worksheet timeline cont’d) • = 1st crusade: They weren’t prepared- no strategy, couldn’t agree on a leader • = They won a small strip of land • = divided among 4 European nobles “Crusader States” • = hadn’t really won the area, Muslims still in control • = Saladin (N.C.) is the Muslim leader in charge

  10. Saladin (N.C) • Who: Muslim leader in charger of Jeruselum after 1st Crusade • What: He reconquered the Holy Land for the Muslim Turks from the Christians • Where: _________________ • When: 1187 • Why: He took back the Holy Land away from the Christians = The Christians had to keep fighting the Crusades to get the Holy Land back

  11. Richard the Lion Hearted (N.C) • Who: English King that led the 3rd Crusade • What: Led the 3rd Crusade against Saladin/ Muslims to regain the Holy Land • Where: Palestine, Middle East • When: 1192 • Why: Saladin & Richard came to a truce about the Crusades= remains under Muslim control but unarmed Christians could travel freely (wksht)

  12. Let’s sum up the Crusades: • 1st & 2nd: Gained narrow strip of land – 4 Crusader States • 3rd: Truce b.n Saladin & Richard- Muslims in charge • 4th: religious spirit had faded, Christians lost- more focused on looting Constantinople • Children’s: many kids died from cold & starvation, drowned at sea, or sold into slavery

  13. Spanish Crusade • Muslims controlled Spain for a long time… til 1100s… • Reconquista (NC)- long effort by the Spanish to get rid of the Muslims = by 1400s, Muslims only had small part of Granada = 1492- Isabella &Ferdinand got that part too! (the same yr. the CC sailed the ocean blue!) • They wanted to unify their country… so…

  14. Inquisition (NC) • Who: Ferdinand & Isabella (Monarchs of Spain) • What: court held by the Church to suppress Heresy – Heretics burned at the stake • Where: Spain • When: 1400s • Why: the King & Queen wanted to unite Spain under Christianity & increase their power- This Inq. Got rid of all the Jews & Muslims = everyone Catholic

  15. Effects of the Crusades • Men left =Women @ home managed stuff!! • War away from home = TRADE b/n the places = MORE TRADE! • Failed @ the Crusades = Pope & Feudal nobles not as pwrful!! = Kings became more pwrful! • Muslims vs. Christians = bitterness & prejudice… (sound familiar?)

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