1 / 23

Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 5

Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 5. What’s important in my career and my life? Start with Arts Co-op! Explore career goals and interests Build 12-16 months of paid experience before graduation Gain job search skills.

eliot
Download Presentation

Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 5

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex DifferencesLecture 5

  2. What’s important in my career and my life? • Start with Arts Co-op! • Explore career goals and interests • Build 12-16 months of paid experience before graduation • Gain job search skills Application Deadline: Wednesday, September 28 @ 4pm www.artscoop.ubc.ca

  3. Research Methods 1. What research methods do psychologists use to study gender? (continued)

  4. By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 1. describe the scientific method. 2. distinguish between the distinct types of studies used in gender-related research. 3. interpret the statistics associated with correlational research.

  5. What research methods do psychologists use to study gender? (continued) • Several steps are involved in conducting research using the scientific method:

  6. Theory Hypothesis Interactive Relationship Operationalization Research Data

  7. A theory is a proposed explanation or interpretation of the relations among constructs. • A construct is a conceptual variable that can not be directly observed. • Examples of variables that are constructs: Intelligence, self-esteem, aggression. • Examples of variables that are not constructs: Hair colour, weight, blood pressure.

  8. Operationalization refers to the translation of a construct into a variable that can be directly observed. • Examples of operationalizations: Construct: Aggression. Operationalization: Frequency and intensity of shocks given to a confederate. Construct: Femininity. Operationalization: Scores on a measure of stereotypically feminine characteristics (e.g., gentleness, emotionality, helpfulness).

  9. Theory Hypothesis Interactive Relationship Operationalization Research Data

  10. Research in gender psychology involves five types of studies: 1. Experimental Studies  Designed to examine cause and effect relationships between variables.

  11.  In conducting an experiment, a researcher: (a) randomly assigns participants to groups that will receive different levels of the hypothesized “causal” or independent variable (IV). (b) administers a distinct treatment (i.e., level of the IV) to each group. (c) measures the hypothesized “effect” or dependent variable (DV) for each group.

  12. A Simple Experiment Group A Treatment A Posttest Participants Random Assignment Group B Treatment B Posttest

  13.  Example: Condry and Condry (1976) Examined interpretations of infants’ emotional reactions to a jack-in-the box. Sex served as a target variable.

  14. 2. Quasi-Experimental Studies (Ex Post Facto Studies)  Designed to contrast two or more existing groups on a variable of interest.  Used when an experiment cannot be conducted due to ethical or practical limitations.  Among the most frequently used methods in research on sex, gender, and sexual orientation.

  15.  Example: Rotter and Rotter (1998) Examined ability to decode emotional expressions of sadness, fear, disgust and anger among males and females. Sex served as a subject variable.

  16.  A cautionary note about the interpretation of mean differences between males and females: XMales XFemales

  17. 3. Correlational studies  Designed to examine the extent to which 2 naturally- occurring variables covary.  Typically measured by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r).

  18. r measures the extent to which a linear relationship exists between 2 variables. • Magnitude of r: strength of relationship between variables. Sign of r (+ vs. -): direction of relationship between variables.

  19. Positive Linear Relationship r = +1.00 •      •          Aggressiveness Scores Among females or males. Masculinity Scores

  20. Negative Linear Relationship r = -1.00 •              Aggressiveness Scores Among females or males. Femininity Scores

  21. No Relationship r = 0.00 •    •      •    •    •            Height Androgyny Scores

  22.  Example: Dias (2003) Examined the correlations among femininity, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and co-dependency.

  23. Research Methods • What research methods do psychologists use to study gender?

More Related