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WWW 6 Trip Report Report on the Sixth International WWW Conference held in Santa Clara on April 7-11, 1997

WWW 6 Trip Report Report on the Sixth International WWW Conference held in Santa Clara on April 7-11, 1997. Contents About WWW 6 W3C Session - HTML Microsoft IE 4.0 W3C Session - HTTP Web Site Mapping Workshop XML Tutorial Technical Papers Plenary and Panel Sessions. Brian Kelly

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WWW 6 Trip Report Report on the Sixth International WWW Conference held in Santa Clara on April 7-11, 1997

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  1. WWW 6 Trip ReportReport on the Sixth International WWW Conference held in Santa Clara on April 7-11, 1997 • Contents • About WWW 6 • W3C Session - HTML • Microsoft IE 4.0 • W3C Session - HTTP • Web Site Mapping Workshop • XML Tutorial • Technical Papers • Plenary and Panel Sessions Brian Kelly UK Web Focus UKOLN University of Bath BA2 7AY B.Kelly@ukoln.ac.uk http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/

  2. UK Web Focus UK Web Focus: • National Web coordination post • Responsibilities include: • Technology watch • Information dissemination • Coordination • Representing JISC on W3C • Based at UKOLN, University of Bath • Brian Kelly appointed on 1st Nov 1996 • Formerly worked at Netskills (Newcastle University) and universities of Leeds, Liverpool and Loughborough

  3. About WWW 6 WWW 6: • Held at the Santa Clara Convention Centre • Workshops and tutorial sessions on Monday 7th April • Technical papers from 8-10th April • Developer's Day and History Day on 11th April • Various other BOFs and meeting (including Web Accessibility Initiative day) • About 1,800 participants (down on previous years)

  4. Before the Conference http://ice.www6conf.org/ • Conference details including online booking available on Web - http://www6conf.org/ • Online conference (ICE) available for delegates before, during and after conference • Conference proceedings available online http://proceedings.www6conf.org/

  5. Accessibility Accessibility was conference theme Web Accessibility Initiative: • About 80 participants • WAI approval Issues • Accessibility is important • WAI will address: protocols, software developers, information providers and end users • Need for university / departmental / project policy? http://www.lbc.co.uk/

  6. Accessibility Comments made by Peter Bosher (RNIB): • Poorly designed navigation (when you follow several links, and then get back to where you started) is a particular problem for the blind who don't have the visual clues that the sighted have • When navigating the Hotwired site his browser said "link link link link image image image without caption" • Tables are difficult to process by speech browsers • Painstakingly competing a form and then getting an error message because the form was browser specific is annoying

  7. Further Information Further information on the Web Accessibility Initiative, and on general accessibility resources is available at: http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Disabilities/ http://weber.u.washington.edu/~doit/Other/design.html http://www.igs.net/~starling/acces.htm http://trace.wisc.edu/ http://access.adobe.com/ http://cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/

  8. W3C Session HTML Developments Cougar: • Code name for next version of HTML • Needed as "forces driving evolution of HTML are threatening media independence" • First draft available summer 97 • Some parts already released: WD-htmllink WD-script WD-frames WD-forms WD-object WD-entities WD-fileupload (WD-printing, WD-positioning) • See http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp/Cougar/ Day 1 - 2 pm

  9. W3C Session WD-htmllink WD-htmllink • Hypertext links in HTML. • Defines link relationships (e.g. <LINK REL=Next> could be used to facilitate printing in a single document split into several files) • Related to Style Sheet work <LINK REL=Stylesheet MEDIA=print HREF=ukoln-print.css> • Define TITLE attribute for hints for accessibility e.g. <A HREF="welcome.html" TITLE="The Welcome page for ACME Ltd">text</A>In this example a browser could display the text in, say, a pop-up window. Day 1 - 2 pm

  10. W3C Session WD-htmllink WD-htmllink (continued) • Defines uses of META tag (e.g. for use with PICS) • Define language(s) for documents • Define pages which can be indexed by robots <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW"> prohibits robots from indexing and following links Day 1 - 2 pm

  11. W3C Session WD-script WD-script • Client-side Scripting and HTML • Defines mechanism for embedding scripting languages in HTML: <SCRIPT type="text/javascript">document.write ("<EM>This will work</EM>")</SCRIPT> • <SCRIPT SRC="url"> used for external scripts • Default script language can be defined: <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Script-Type" CONTENT="text/tcl"> Day 1 - 2 pm

  12. W3C Session WD-frames WD-frames • Defines existing usage of FRAME tag • Includes IFRAME proposal for inclusion of frames inline in body of HTML documents (FRAME tag replaces BODY tag):<BODY><P>This document contains an inline frame <IFRAME src="foo.html" width=400 height=500> that unfortunately your user agent doesn't support. Alternatively you can get the related document <A href="foo.html">here </A>.</IFRAME> That's all folks!</BODY> • Initial release of FRAMES caused problems,and there are still accessibility concerns Day 1 - 2 pm

  13. W3C Session CSS The CSS1 (Cascading Style Sheet) spec: • Replaces all HTML extensions • Can replace most uses of tables • Provides floating text elements • Provides control over background WD-style • Defines relationships between HTML document and stylesheet • Cascading style sheets can be defined by:<LINK REL=stylesheet HREF="corporate.css"><LINK REL=stylesheet HREF="techreport.css"> • Can define alternate style sheets for media types:<LINK REL=stylesheet MEDIA=screen …> Day 1 - 2.45pm

  14. W3C Session CSS - The Next Wave In next version of CSS: • Multiple media (using @media) • Improved printing support (headers, footers, margins, etc.) See WD-printing • Better control over positioning (e.g. out-of-flow elements, navigational bars, layering) See WD-positioning • Better font control (mixed fonts - e.g. helvetica and cyrillic for, say, language dictionaries) • Aural cascading style sheets. See WD-acss For visually impaired an incar use, industrial and medical systems, entertainment, illiterate: • <STRONG> rendered as loud voice, pause-before • Left column in table spoken in left speaker Day 1 - 2.45 pm

  15. W3C Session CSS Questions Q How closely matched are the CSS and XML? A They are a good match Q Features such as side bars (e.g.<P CLASS=side>) are likely to be widely used. Should such attributes be registered? A It's likely that a set of standard style sheet definitions will be released, and they'll be widely used Q Will CSS held to reduce network bandwidth? A Yes, see http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/NL-PerfNote.html Q What about headers and footers? A In next release Day 1 - 2.45pm

  16. W3C Session HTML Math The HTML Math spec: • Released in May 97 - see http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-math • Core standard covering presentation and markup • Will contain 20 presentation tags with 40 attributes • Will contain 50 content tags (roughly equivalent to functions on scientific calculator) • Initially implemented using embedded elements (ActiveX, Java) enabling 3rd parties to develop rendering tools (won't need to wait for Netscape / Microsoft) • Software will be available in June 97 • Full implementation requires better browser APIs (e.g. DOM) Day 1 - 2 pm

  17. W3C Session Dynamic HTML • Based on work of the Document Object Model (DOM) working group • Provides an API (applications programming interface) for HTML page structure and style • Microsoft's Internet Explorer 4.0 implements many features of Dynamic HTML • See: • http://www.microsoft.com/gallery/files/html/default.htm • http://www.microsoft.com/workshop/prog/aplatfrm/dynhtml-f.htm Day 1 - 2 pm

  18. Microsoft IE 4.0 Presentation in the Industrial Presentations track on Internet Explorer's implementation of Dynamic HTML HTML is limited: • Animation using animated GIFs is limited • Can't position or layer elements • The web is slow - interaction with server needed Dynamic HTML: • Based on emerging W3C proposals • Covers: • Dynamic styles and dynamic contents • CSS positioning • Data binding Day 2 - 4 pm

  19. Microsoft IE 4.0 Dynamic HTML • Positioning control (in X, Y and Z planes) • Position can be changed at run time (e.g. on mouseOver event) • Dynamic Content • The Document Object Model (DOM) can be used to change the content at runtime: • function change() "new header" • ... • <H1 id=foo onclick=change()>Old header</H1> • For example a table of contents could be built dynamically Day 2 - 4 pm

  20. Microsoft IE 4.0 Dynamic Style Sheets CSS properties can be changed at run time: <H1 onMouseOver {colour: red;} onMouseOut {color=yellow}> A more elegant way is to store the Javascript code in the document HEAD (or externally) CSS Positioning Elements can be positioned absolutely or relative to each other <IMG SRC="smiley.gif" : top: 25% ; zindex=1> <DIV zindex=2>Text on top of image</DIV> Text on top of image Day 2 - 4 pm

  21. Microsoft IE 4.0 Data Binding Currently data binding (merged data from database with HTML code) is done on the server Data binding proposal enables it to be done on the client so that, for example, the output from a search engine can be resorted on the client) But will this be in Cougar? http://www.microsoft.com/gallery/files/html/repeat.htm Day 2 - 4 pm

  22. Microsoft IE 4.0 Dynamic HTML Multimedia Effects Uses IE4 control to provide multimedia effects Removes need for animated GIF Variety of effects available: • Transitions, filters, structured graphics, sequencing • sprite control (scripted animated GIFs) • Example - e rotating in 3D How will Powerpoint be marketed if this is possible in HTML? Day 2 - 4 pm

  23. Microsoft IE 4.0 Document Object Model (DOM) • DOM enables every HTML element to be processed as an object (i.e. DOM is an API for accessing HTML elements) • DOM is not a set of tags or a new language (it is language independent) Day 2 - 4 pm

  24. Netscape Netscape have also expressed support for Cougar • See • http://www.netscape.com/focus3/comprod/columns/intranet/open_standards.html • http://www.netscape.com/flash1/comprod/products/communicator/

  25. Cougar and Browser Issues Standards • IE 4.0 conforms to HTML 3.2 and CSS1, and implements new W3C drafts (e.g. DOM, forms) • Netscape have also expressed commitment to Cougar • Javascript is being standardised by ECMA Support for legacy browsers? • Don't use new features • New features degrade gracefully • New features won't work (e.g. Tetris example - 10K HTML file, which used no ActiveX controls) Day 2 - 4 pm

  26. Support for Multiple Browsers How do we deploy new features when there are many different versions and many browsers to support? • Offer choice at client: Click here if you have IE 4 or Netscape 4 otherwise click here Maintenance of resources can be done manually or using site management tool • Offer choice at server: if useragent=IE4.0 then serve index.dom.htmlelse serve index.html • Various toolkits can provide this (Microsoft Active Server Pages, Netscape Suitespot, PHP/FI)

  27. Developer's Day - HTTP Transparent Content Negotiation (TCN) • IETF draft • Enables: • Deployment of new data formats and tags • Tailoring of content for new platforms • Internationalisation • See ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-http-negotiation-01.txt • TCN spec server sends list of variants: {logo.gif type image.png} {logo.png type image.png} <IMG SRC="logo"> HTML source Variant list sent by server Day 4 - 9 am

  28. Developer's Day - HTTP Feature Negotiation • IETF draft • Part of TCN, addressing extensibility • No more "Click here from frames, here for tables" buttons • Universal agreement on new features not needed • See ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-http-feature-reg-00.txt Day 4 - 9 am

  29. Web Site Mapping Workshop Half day workshops on web collections: • Defining relationships between groups of related documents • Useful for: • printing • off-line browsing • indexing • Presentations on: • Protocols (Web Collections, MCF, Dublin Core) • Applications (HotSauce, WebCutter, WebMapper) Day 0 - 9 am

  30. Web Visualisation http://dynamicdiagrams.com/ Various proprietary ways of visualising web sites are available (e.g. MAPA, WebCutter) Need a standard for defining relationships between web pages, to provide application independence http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER40.html Day 0 - 9 am

  31. Conclusions The Web Site Mapping workshop agreed: • Split protocol into three: 1 Metadata Model 2 File Format Syntax 3 Metadata Manipulation Language • Further discussions needed on: • Is a new query language is needed (e.g. SQL, HyTime Query Language) • Do we need a metadata query language or a general document query language • A list of common site mapping operations • XML is likely to be the preferred syntax • Web Collections spec to be updated - http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/NOTE-XMLsubmit.html Day 0 - 9 am

  32. URI, URN AddressingURL MetadataWeb Collections, PICS, TCN, MCF, DSig, DC, ... TransportHTTP Data formatHTML CSS, Cougar, XML HTTP/1.1, HTTP/NG Metadata Architecture Much work in progress in developing a metadata architecture for the web

  33. English French XML Tutorial XML: • Extensible markup language • An SGML-lite designed for the Internet • Developed by the SGML community • Tools being developed by SGML tool vendors • Microsoft involvement • Two XML draft specs: • XML • XML-link A richer form of linking • Stricter than HTML (to reduce client processing): • Attribute quoting <IMG SRC="logo.gif"> • End tags needed <P>A paragraph</P> Day 0 - 2 pm

  34. What's It Look Like? What does an XML document look like? <?XML VERSION="1.0" RMD="ALL" ENCODING="UTF-8"?> <!doctype titlepage system "typo.dtd" [<!entity % active.links "INCLUDE">]> <titlepage> <whitespace type="vertical" amount="36"/> <title font="Baskerville" size="24/30" alignment="centered">Hello, world!</title> <whitespace type="vertical" amount="12"/> <!--* In some copies the following decoration is hand-colored, presumably by the author *--> <image location="http://www.foo.bar/fleuron.eps" type="URL" alignment="centered"/> <whitespace type="vertical" amount="24"/> <author font="Baskerville" size="18/22" style="italic">Munde Salutem</author> </titlepage> More complex XML document with DTD specified Simple XML document <?XML VERSION="1.0" RMD="NONE"?> <conversation> <greeting>Hello, world!</greeting> <response>Stop the planet, I want to get off!</response> </conversation>

  35. The Jumbo XML Browser Jumbo is an XML browser written in Java. It was developed to view CML (Chemical Markup Language) resources. It can view other XML applications. http://www.venus.co.uk/omf/cml/download.html

  36. CDF XML can be used to define: • Document structure • Structure for metadata • Structure for applications CDF (Channel Definition Format) is: • An XML application • A proposed standard for push technology • Developed by Microsoft and implemented in IE4 • See http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-CDFsubmit.html

  37. Further Information on XML For further information see: http://www.textuality.com/xml/ http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/Activity http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/sun-info/standards/xml/why/xmlapps.htm http://www.ucc.ie/xml http://www.webreview.com/97/05/16/feature/

  38. Technical Paper Extending HTML in a Principled Way with Displets This paper describes a Java solution to adding new tags (charts, links, maths, etc.) to HTML. <TAG NAME=CHART .. SRC=chart.class>…</TAG> <CHART TYPE=BAR> <TABLE> <TH> Smith<TR><TH>125… </TABLE> </CHART> Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Smith 125 257 327 250 Green 137 140 110 160 HTML output HTML source Day 1 - 11am

  39. Extending HTML in a Principled Way with Displets Other extensions: Multi-way links Graphs Issues: How does this fit in with XML? How does this fit in with the HTML Math work, which proposes using Java to display Maths output? Further Information: http://proceedings.www6conf.org/HyperNews/get/PAPER155.html http://pegasus.rutgers.edu/~chchiu/displets.html

  40. Towards a Multimedia World-Wide Web Information Retrieval Engine Paper that integrates searching for text with searching for images. • Search for "baseball player" • Select one of the images retrieved, and search for others similar to this one • Give schematic drawing (as shown) • Provide 3D visualisation of search results using VRML Find an image that looks like this will find Mickey Mouse from the Disney Web site Day 1 - 4 pm

  41. Towards a Multimedia World-Wide Web Information Retrieval Engine The software is called AMORE. Prototype available at http://www.ccrl.neclab.com/amore/ See http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER3.html Day 1 - 4 pm

  42. Dynamic Reference Sifting: A Case Study Described Ahoy! - a Web application used for finding personal home pages based on recognition of likely hits from directory naming conventions. See http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER39.html and http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/ahoy Day 1 - 4 pm

  43. Parasite: Mining Structural Information on the Web Based on heuristic assumptions including: Hypertext Linking • A linked page is likely to be on the same topic as the original page (esp. for Yahoo type resources) Directory Structure • A URL containing a directory below a personal home page (PHP) is likely to be authored by the person identified in the PHP Page Structure • Links "near" each other on a page are likely to have similar topics Day 1 - 4 pm

  44. Parasite: Mining Structural Information on the Web Used these assumptions to propose applications for finding: • moved pages • related pages • people Comments • Brute strength approach • This and preceding paper (on Ahoy!) show importance of directory naming conventions (directory names provide metadata - what can we guess from the URL www.cs.acme.edu/staff/jsmith) Day 1 - 4 pm

  45. WebCutter: A System for Dynamic and Tailorable Site Mapping Paper on IBM/Lotus product for website visualisation • Implemented in Java • Map generated on the fly • Map can be edited by end user (to define user's view of web site) http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER40.html Day 3 - 2 pm

  46. WebQuery Paper on various visualisation techniques for searching. Based on structural information to find "hot spots" http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER96.html Day 3 - 2 pm

  47. Transforming Command-Line Driven Systems to Web Applications This paper described work which used Java to provide access to a legacy command line application (a monolithic Fortran 77 program) on the Web: • Input to application via Java form • Output in Java applet window • Commercial product available soon http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER41.html Day 3 - 2 pm

  48. Responsive Interaction for a Large Web Application The Meteor Shower Architecture in the WebWriter II Editor An HTML authoring tool with server and client side processing. Makes use of frames. Uses <BLINK> to define flashing cursor http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER86.html Day 3 - 2 pm

  49. Seamless Integration of Interactive Forms into the Web This paper described limitations of existing forms on the Web and described how Dynamic Forms would overcome these limitations. Dynamic Forms is based on Java. But what about W3C work on HTML (new DOM and Forms specs)? http://www6.nttlabs.com/HyperNews/get/PAPER83.html

  50. Plenary Talk All Authored Works Online: A Global Infrastructure for Universal Access to Information Raj Reddy, Dean of the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon spoke on the Universal Library project - when "All Authored Works of the Human Race will be available to anyone in the world instantaneously". His talk is available at http://www.ul.cs.cmu.edu/rr/aaw/aaw.html

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