What is the wavelength of the longest wavelength light that can be seen with the human eye?

1. What is the wavelength of the longest wavelength light that can be seen with the human eye? • 400 nm • 4000 nm • 7000 nm • 700 nm • 3×108 m

2. ____ has (have) wavelengths that are longer than visible light. • Gamma-rays • Ultraviolet light • Infrared radiation • X-rays • A, B and D above

3. ____ has (have) wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.I. Gamma-raysII. Ultraviolet lightIII. Infrared radiationIV. X-rays • I & II • I & IV • II & III • II, III, & IV • I, II, & IV

4. 300-nm light has a lower frequency than 500-nm light. • True • False

5. Absolute zero is • zero degrees Celsius. • the temperature at which atoms have no remaining energy from which we can extract heat. • the temperature at which water freezes. • both A and C. • none of the above.

6. The neutral hydrogen atom consists of • one proton and one neutron. • one proton. • one proton, one neutron, and one electron. • one proton and one electron. • an isotope and an ion.

7. The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as • ionization. • Doppler broadening. • collisional broadening. • a red shift. • quantum mechanics.

8. A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown below. Based on these spectra, which of the stars is the hottest? • Star A • Star B • Star C • Star D • Star E

9. A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown below. Based on these spectra, which of the stars has the lowest temperature? • Star A • Star B • Star C • Star D • Star E

10. An atom can be excited • if it emits a photon. • if it collides with another atom or electron. • if it absorbs a photon. • A and B above. • B and C above.

11. A(n) ____ contains two or more atoms that are bound together by exchanging or sharing electrons with each other. • nucleus • ion • proton • electron cloud • molecule

12. The ____ of a gas is a measure of the average speed of the particles (atoms or molecules) in the gas. • heat • composition • temperature • blue shift • binding energy

13. In the diagram below, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the smallest energy? • Transition 1 • Transition 2 • Transition 3 • Transition 4 • Transition 5

14. In the diagram below, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the shortest wavelength? • Transition 1 • Transition 2 • Transition 3 • Transition 4 • Transition 5

15. In the diagram below, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the greatest frequency? • Transition 1 • Transition 2 • Transition 3 • Transition 4 • Transition 5

16. In the diagram below, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the longest wavelength? • Transition 1 • Transition 2 • Transition 3 • Transition 4 • Transition 5

17. An atom that is excited • is also ionized. • is an isotope. • has had its electron moved to the lowest energy level. • can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level. • can emit a photon when the electron moves to a higher energy level.

18. The lowest energy level in an atom is • the absolute zero temperature. • the ground state. • the ionization level. • responsible for Doppler shifts. • the energy level from which the Paschen series of hydrogen originates.

19. The two most abundant elements in the sun are • nitrogen and oxygen. • hydrogen and helium. • sulfur and iron. • carbon and hydrogen. • carbon and nitrogen.

20. You are standing near a railroad track and a train is moving toward you at 60 mph and blowing its horn. What will you notice as the train moves past you? • As the train approaches, the horn will sound lower in pitch than when the train is moving away. • As the train approaches, the horn will sound higher in pitch than when the train is moving away. • There will be no change in the pitch of the horn as it moves by. • The horn will get louder as the train moves away from you. • The horn will get quieter as the train moves toward you.

21. Which of the following can be determined by using the Doppler Effect? • The speed at which a star is moving away from an observer. • The transverse velocity of a star. • The radial velocity of a star. • The speed at which a car is traveling toward an observer. • I & IV • II & III • II & IV • I & III • I, III, & IV

22. The diagram below illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an absorption spectrum? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 2 and 3 • none of them

23. The diagram below illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see a continuous spectrum? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 2 and 3 • none of them

24. The diagram below illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an emission spectrum? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 2 and 3 • none of them

25. Why don't we see hydrogen Balmer lines in the spectra of stars with temperatures of 3,200 K? • There is no hydrogen in stars this cool. • The stars are hot enough that most of the hydrogen is ionized and the atoms cannot absorb energy. • These stars are so cool that nearly all of the hydrogen atoms are in the ground state. • Stars of this temperature are too cool to produce an absorption spectrum. • Stars of this temperature are too hot to produce an absorption spectrum.

26. Why don't we see hydrogen Balmer lines in the spectra of stars with temperatures of 45,000 K? • There is no hydrogen in stars this hot. • The stars are hot enough that most of the hydrogen is ionized and the atoms can not absorb energy. • These stars are so cool that nearly all of the electrons in the hydrogen atom are in the ground state. • Stars of this temperature are too cool to produce an absorption spectrum. • Stars of this temperature are too hot to produce an absorption spectrum.

27. The absorption lines in the visible portion of the spectrum of a star that are produced by hydrogen are from the • Lyman series. • Balmer series. • Paschen series. • isotopes of hydrogen. • ions of hydrogen.

28. The table below lists the spectral types for each of five stars. Which star in this table would have the lowest surface temperature? • α For • ο Cet • 35 Ari • γ Tri • ξ Per

29. The table below lists the spectral types for each of five stars. Which star in this table would have the greatest surface temperature? • α For • ο Cet • 35 Ari • γ Tri • ξ Per

30. The ____ is responsible for binding the electrons to the nucleus. • Kirchhoff's law • ground state • temperature • Coulomb force • Balmer series

31. ____ has a negative charge and a mass about 1800 times smaller than a proton. • A neutron • An electron • A molecule • A nucleus • An isotope

32. A neutral atom always contains • the same number of protons as it does neutrons. • the same number of electrons as it does neutrons. • the same number of protons as it does electrons. • twice as many protons as it does neutrons. • twice as many neutrons as it does protons.

33. ____ is a set of rules that describes how atoms and subatomic particles behave. • Kirchhoff's law • Black body radiation law • The Coulomb force • Quantum mechanics • The binding energy

34. The temperature of an object from which no heat energy can be extracted is • 0° F • 0° C • 0 K • 100 K • 100° C

35. Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called • ions. • molecules. • atomic pairs. • nuclear pairs. • isotopes.

36. If you move an electron in an atom from a low energy level to a higher energy level within the atom, we say that the atom is • in the ground state. • ionized. • dissociated. • excited. • neutralized.

37. Two stars of the same spectral class must have the same • radius. • temperature. • mass. • distance. • all of the above.

38. One star has a temperature of 30,000 K and another star has a temperature of 6,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface? • 5 times • 25 times • 8.1×1017 times • 625 times • 1.3×1015 times

39. One star has a temperature of 10,000 K and another star has a temperature of 5,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface? • 16 times • 2 times • 1×1016 times • 625 times • 25 times

40. Which of the following cannot be determined from the spectrum of a star? • chemical composition • surface temperature • radial (along line of sight) velocity • tangential (perpendicular to line of sight) velocity • Both C and D

41. What is the order of star colors with increasing temperature? • Red, Yellow, Blue • Blue, Red, Yellow • Red, Blue, Yellow • Yellow, Red, Blue • Blue, Yellow, Red

42. The energy of a photon is proportional to the light's • wavelength. • speed. • frequency. • intensity. • two of the above.

43. The bluer the light, the ____ each photon contains. • more energy • less energy • less speed • more speed • none of the above

44. Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because • the temperature of each element can vary. • elements can exist in different forms of matter. • electron energy levels differ for each element. • each element has a different mass. • absorption lines depend upon the speed of the object.

45. The Doppler effect states that the motion of any object can • shift the wavelength of spectral lines. • change the speed of light emitted from the object. • enhance the chemical composition of the object. • make the object appear hotter. • make the object appear cooler.

46. The nucleus of the hydrogen atom consists of a single neutron. • True • False

47. Blue stars are hotter than red stars. • True • False

48. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons. • True • False

49. Hydrogen alpha is the longest wavelength Balmer line. • True • False

50. An absorption spectrum is also called a bright line spectrum. • True • False