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  Electric Baseload: A Thousand Tiny Bites ACI NJ: Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2008 – 8:30 am – 10:00 am Atlantic City, NJ

  Electric Baseload: A Thousand Tiny Bites ACI NJ: Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2008 – 8:30 am – 10:00 am Atlantic City, NJ. Rana Belshe Conservation Connection Consulting Fairchild, Wisconsin 715-334-2707. A. Tamasin Sterner Pure Energy Lancaster, Pennsylvania 717-293-8990.

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  Electric Baseload: A Thousand Tiny Bites ACI NJ: Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2008 – 8:30 am – 10:00 am Atlantic City, NJ

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  1.   Electric Baseload: A Thousand Tiny BitesACI NJ: Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2008 – 8:30 am – 10:00 amAtlantic City, NJ Rana Belshe Conservation Connection Consulting Fairchild, Wisconsin 715-334-2707 A. Tamasin Sterner Pure Energy Lancaster, Pennsylvania 717-293-8990

  2. The Systems Approach Works

  3. Why Address Baseload?Electricity Use is Rising Mark Fortney, 2007, PHRC, PA Home Energy Forum

  4. Refrigerators, water heating and lighting are key baseload issues. We’re not dealing with them in this session because…

  5. @ $.09/kWh “NRDC Study of Set Top Box and Game Console Power Use”, Peter Ostendorp, Ecos Consulting, May 2007

  6. Plug Load Energy Use is Increasing U.S. delivered residential energy consumption by end use, 2001, 2004, 2015, and 2030 (million Btu per household) Source: Energy Information Administration 2006

  7. In This Session We Will • Define key terms • Examine the range of “typical” household electric use • Look at office and home electronic / entertainment end uses • Point to some helpful resources • Explore strategies to reduce residential electric baseload use

  8. Total Household Electric Use = Baseload + Seasonal Baseload: Electricity used to power things used year round Seasonal use: Electricity used to provide heating, cooling, often dehumidification Source: 2005 Building Energy Data Book

  9. Baseload Refined

  10. Plug Load Baseload Energy Use by Product Category 2007 Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”: Share of Plug Load Energy Use by Product Category27

  11. Whole New Language • Miscellaneous Electricity • Leaking electricity • Active power • Low power • Indeterminate Power • Sleep/hibernate • Power management • Standby • Phantom load • Vampire power • Power surge & suppression • Frequency regulation • Transient voltage • Internal Power Supplies • External Power Supplies • Transformers (AC to DC power) • Cubes • Wall warts • Power packs • Bricks

  12. Power vs Energy Energy utility bill – meter – cost Watt hour - Wh kiloWatt hour - kWh\ Power nameplate – peak –instantaneous demand • Watt - W • kiloWatt - kW

  13. Power Supplies: A Growing Component Function: convert wall voltage ac to low voltage dc needed to operate today’s digital chips, LED indicators, displays, etc. 6% to 10% of U.S. electricity flows through the nation’s 3.6 billion power supplies • Roughly 1 to 2% of U.S. electricity could be saved by improving power supply efficiency • $2.1 to 4.2 billion saved by consumers on their electricity bills • Prevent release of 40 to 80 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere • Equivalent of taking 2.3 to 4.6 million cars off the road • Equivalent of building roughly 4.5 to 9 average sized power plants 2007 Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”

  14. Power Settings & Mode “OFF” ON REALLY OFF No power Unplugged Power switched off with strip or other control device • Active power • Low power mode • Indeterminate power • Sleep/hibernate • Standby power • Phantom load • Vampire power • Idle power Anything with a remote, display, touchpad, or light is using power even when turned “off”

  15. Power: On vs Off: Ent. System # 1

  16. Energy: COST When On & Off Based on watching TV 3 hrs/day

  17. Ave. Annual Use Without DVRs 100-200 kWh With DVRs 200-400 ec2007 Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”: Share of Plug Load Energy Use by Product Category27

  18. Entertainment System #2 • Metered 118 Watts when turned “off” Cost Calculation 118 W x 8760 hrs/yr x .001W/kW = 1033 kWh @ $0.14/kWh = $145/ yr

  19. Diagnostics: Getting & Using Power (W) & Energy (kWh) information Requires: Deciphering the obvious Tracking, reading, recording, calculating and metering

  20. Entertainment System #3 Home Theater use 150 Watts when “off” ! • Plasma TV: 33 W • Amplifier: 19 W • TiVO: 29 W • HDTV DVR: 44 W • Audio Receiver: 5 W • UPS: 20 W Danny Parker, FSEC, 2008

  21. PIER Annual kWh of TVs by Mode • Standby power is similar regardless of TV type or size. • Newer TVs use a lot more energy than older ones. • Larger and newer technologies (plasma & rear projection) tend to be used more and are frequently part of a larger entertainment set up. Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007

  22. 1200 kWh for 2 TVs Cost @ $.14/kWh $168/year ACI NW 2007; www.efficientproducts.org

  23. The amount of energy consumed by TV’s in the US each year is set to rise, the NRDC predicts. The growth will come from more TV’s in the home, greater TV viewing time, growing screen size and higher-resolution displays. NRDC ACI HP Conf 2007; www.efficientproducts.org

  24. Game Console Power Use Consumption NRDC Study of Set Top Box and Game Console Power Use, May 2007, Peter Ostendorp, Ecos Consulting

  25. So… How much energy does a screen saver save?

  26. Computers Average desktop PC system draws 140W On average, an ENERGY STAR computer uses 70% less electricity than standard unit—but only if power management features are activated Major efficiency gains in terms of internal power supplies; more coming Monitor accounts for about one half the use 17” color monitor uses about 35% more energy than a 14” color monitor Laser printers draw about one third of print power when on standby – 100W or so DOE computer cost calculator Check DOE & www.energystar.gov for great stuff on this.

  27. Desktop PC vs Laptop Source: Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”, 2007

  28. Our PC World • Power modes vary • Active power • Low power - Sleep • Off - Standby • In 2000 nearly 4.2 million people worked from home. Up from 3.4 million in 1990, the number is climbing • Up to 60% of office personal computers are left on overnight

  29. Managing Computer Power Use • Learn about and Activate Power Management Functions http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_power_management • Maximize sleep features with free software such as CO2 Saver from http://co2saver.snap.com/ • Turn off monitor if not using for > 5-20 min. and both CPU and monitor if not using for > 30-60 min. • Use power strips for positive “off” and control of peripherals • Establish standards and provide staff training re: various power modes and shut down maneuvers

  30. PC & Peripheral Use • CPU running VISTA • Sleep: 4W standby • Shut Down: 2W standby • Printer: 3W standby • Monitor: 1W standby • UPS/Battery back up powerstrip: 8W standby • Active Power for all the above: 140W

  31. Other Office Equipment Rarely metered. Except … when dealing with mysterious high use. For example: 15 year old fax machine used 483 watts for 3 seconds, every 10-12 seconds. • Fax • Printer • Copiers • All-in-one units • Scanners • Routers • Servers • Audio speakers • ipod & MP3 players • etc. etc.

  32. Battery Charging Systems; Power Supplies; External Power Adapters • More than 1 billion/yr shipped worldwide! • Examples from Danny’s garage: • DeWalt Drill, & flashlight: 4 W standby each, 34 Watt charging • LiHi Battery charger: 4 W standby • weed trimmer : 4W standby Inefficient products and uncontrolled use represents colossal waste

  33. Power Supplies: A Growing Component Function: convert wall voltage ac to low voltage dc needed to operate today’s digital chips, LED indicators, displays, etc. 6% to 10% of U.S. electricity flows through the nation’s 3.6 billion power supplies • Roughly 1 to 2% of U.S. electricity could be saved by improving power supply efficiency • $2.1 to 4.2 billion saved by consumers on their electricity bills • Prevent release of 40 to 80 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere • Equivalent of taking 2.3 to 4.6 million cars off the road • Equivalent of building roughly 4.5 to 9 average sized power plants 2007 Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”

  34. Battery Types & Chargers Matter Battery chargers with similar charging capacity use varying amounts of energy to charge & maintain the battery 2007 Ecos Consulting, “Final Field Research Report”

  35. Battery Charging Strategies • Chargers can draw 5 to 20 times more power than they can store so... • Unplug chargers once battery is charged • Use timer to control charge cycle • Choose equipment based on charging performance • Buy efficient chargers • Use rechargeable batteries • Use power strips to simplify disconnecting chargers

  36. Advanced Power Strip Options http://www.p3international.com http://wattstopper.com http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Shop/Smart-Energy/Smart-Strip/

  37. Simple Payback for Power Strips • Using a standard power strip saved 0.5 kWh/day for entertainment system #1– about 183 kWh/yr • Using an Occupancy Sensor strip in home office w/ 25W standby saved about 0.3 kWh/day – about 109 kWh/yr Is this significant? • These two actions saved 292 kWh/yr • At $.14/kWh this equals about $40/yr • For a seven month payback!

  38. Power Strip Purchase Tips Get surge protection and reduced energy use. Specifications: • clamping voltage (how much electricity will trigger it) of at least 330 • energy dissipation rating (how much electricity will cause it to fail) of at least 400 joules, • response time of 10 nanoseconds or less www.alliantenergy.com

  39. Standby Power & Low Energy Homes • The less energy a home uses, the bigger part of the total energy use standby power becomes • When electricity is site produced—PV, wind, etc.—reducing standby loads becomes even more important. • At 1-2 kWh/day (FSEC measured), standby power equals 20% of PV output for a 2 kW array! Smaller load = Smaller system = Lower cost

  40. Plug Load and Hardwired Standby Use in Orlando, FL Home • Compressor Crankcase Heater in AC: 40 W • Zone Dampers on Air Handler: 30 W • Home Intercom: 30 W • Cable Box: 20 W • Computer System: 20 W • Security System: 15 W • All these 10 W each: • Dryer touchpad • Garage door opener • Satellite system receiver • Older television • Network box (unused) • Two cell phone chargers • Two cordless phones 210 Watts of Standby Power1,840 kWh/Year! $258 @$.14 Danny Parker, FSEC, 2008

  41. Low W Standby Products Needed For New Construction! • Doorbells: 18W • Thermostat transformer: 4W • Security system: 15W • Smoke detectors/GFI: 0.4 -1.0W ea. • Garage door openers: 5W • Server/routers ? Danny Parker, 2008 FSEC

  42. …And not Just Electronics • Airhandler fans on 24/7(@400-600W) 500W x 24 hours x 365 days x .001kW/W = 4,380 kWh/yr @$.14 = $613 per year • Radon exhaust fans. EPA IAQ house standards require them in attached garages. (@80-125W) 100W x 8760 hrs/yr x .001kW/W = 876 kWh/yr @ $.14 = $123 per year Ceiling fans, too if on 24/7

  43. The Systems Approach Works

  44. Coal-Fired Electricity Generation Greenhouse Gases GHG Carbon Dioxide Equivalency CO2e NOX SOX Mercury (Hg) Particulates Water waste: ½ to 1 gallon per kWh Photo: Rana Belshe

  45. EPA Power Profiler http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/how-clean.html Search by zipcode; calculator answers the following questions based on feed stock, pollution control equipment, etc. • What is my fuel mix? • What are the emissions in my area? • What can I do to make a difference? Following example Based on zip: 08638 Utility: PSE&G Public Service Electric & Gas

  46. PSE&G Electric Generation by Fuel Mix (%)

  47. PSE&G Emissions: lbs / MWh ~ 1.1 lbs CO2 / kWh

  48. Annual Energy & GHG Emissions of Four Homes 707 kWh/Mo Based on: PSE&G: 1.1 # CO2/kWh emission profile Sept, 2008 WI REC Dairyland Power Coop: 1.86 #/kWh

  49. Carbon per Capita Pounds/Day Austria 16 Canada 32 Ireland 18 Mexico 6 Mongolia 5 Netherlands 27 NZ 15 Nigeria 1 Norway 19 Senegal 1 Sweden 11 Venezuela 10 AK 114 AZ 18 CA 18 CO 26 DC 32 MA 22 MD 23 NY 18 OR 19 VA 27 VT 17 WI 31 http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html World average: 7 lbs/day Ave American: 33 lbs/day Ave New Jersey:22 lbs/day

  50. Range of Annual Electric Use (kWh) National averages trued up to PA utility program experience

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