The Human Factors Components of a Safety Management System: The US Perspective

2. 1 Agenda

3. 2 Agenda

4. 3

5. 4 Pieces to the SMS

6. 5 Agenda

7. 6 SMS Policy and Human Factors

8. 7 Risk Management and Human Factors

9. 8 Safety Assurance and Human Factors

10. 9 Safety Promotion and Human Factors

11. 10 Agenda

12. 11 Selected FAA Activities International Survey of HF Completion of 2 Operator’s Manuals for HF Maintenance Airport Services Aviation Safety Action Program Support Action on HF Rulemaking Training Initiatives for Aviation Safety Inspectors

13. 12 Survey Goals and Methods Purpose: Assess international status of maintenance HF Look at: HF programs, fatigue management, error management, and training. Comparison: Compare by regulators, Does it make a difference if there is a rule? Distribution: Online survey (80 items) to 630 addresses. This presentation describes a variety of safety practices and opinions prevalent among individuals who work in the international airline maintenance industry. This is only a subset of results from the 80-item survey. The survey contained 66 items with 12 potential follow-up items. Follow-up items were presented based upon pre-specified responses to specific items. All items were organized into eight categories: (1) demographics, (2) error management, (3) human factors training, (4) fatigue management, (5) proactive human factors support, (6) motivation for a human factors program, (7) human factors metrics, and (8) organizational policies. Two additional items requested comments from respondents about their company’s maintenance program and any general comments about the survey. N=393 for experience This presentation describes a variety of safety practices and opinions prevalent among individuals who work in the international airline maintenance industry. This is only a subset of results from the 80-item survey. The survey contained 66 items with 12 potential follow-up items. Follow-up items were presented based upon pre-specified responses to specific items. All items were organized into eight categories: (1) demographics, (2) error management, (3) human factors training, (4) fatigue management, (5) proactive human factors support, (6) motivation for a human factors program, (7) human factors metrics, and (8) organizational policies. Two additional items requested comments from respondents about their company’s maintenance program and any general comments about the survey. N=393 for experience

14. 13 Respondent Country and Experience Distribution: Online survey (80 items) 630 addresses. Returns: 414 respondents (66%) from 54 countries. Experience: 65% had more than 20 years aviation maintenance experience. Each country could have had multiple respondents—for example, 160 respondents indicated USA, 35 for Canada. Though it is obvious that we have a world-wide sample, because we were unable to systematically sample respondents, our conclusions are limited to a descriptive nature and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or practices of the entire aviation maintenance population. The following provides a general overview of the results. So who answered the survey-some in the audience? Next I will describe basic characteristics of the sample. Distribution: Online survey (80 items) 630 addresses. Returns: 414 respondents (66%) from 54 countries. Experience: 65% had more than 20 years aviation maintenance experience. Each country could have had multiple respondents—for example, 160 respondents indicated USA, 35 for Canada. Though it is obvious that we have a world-wide sample, because we were unable to systematically sample respondents, our conclusions are limited to a descriptive nature and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or practices of the entire aviation maintenance population. The following provides a general overview of the results. So who answered the survey-some in the audience? Next I will describe basic characteristics of the sample.

15. 14 Responding Countries Argentina 4 Australia 19 Austria 1 Bahrain 1 Belgium 3 Bolivia 3 Brazil 3 Canada 36 Chile 3 China 3 Columbia 3 Cyprus 1 Denmark 1 Ecuador 1 El Salvador 1 Finland 1 France 3 Germany 6

16. 15 What type of Maintenance Organization? Of the 258 that indicated airline maint department, repair station entire a/c, and repair station components--- 228 indicated the type of airline maint operation with the majority at a major carrier. You saw the span across the world of respondents—depending upon location the adhere to different regulations –could be voluntary—so we asked what regulatory authority did they design their maint program for? Of the 258 that indicated airline maint department, repair station entire a/c, and repair station components--- 228 indicated the type of airline maint operation with the majority at a major carrier. You saw the span across the world of respondents—depending upon location the adhere to different regulations –could be voluntary—so we asked what regulatory authority did they design their maint program for?

17. 16 Summary Findings Worker safety, flight safety, regulatory compliance are important motivators when implementing an HF program Transport Canada and EASA countries have the most robust programs. Strong regulations promote strong HF programs. Fatigue issues are perceived to be important but little action. When companies have programs they are similar. Companies record event data but do not use it enough.

18. 17

19. 18 Selected FAA Activities International Survey of HF Completion of 2 Operator’s Manuals for HF Maintenance Airport Services Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) Action on HF Rulemaking Training Initiatives for Aviation Safety Inspectors

20. 19 A Training Tool for FAA Inspectors (Time permitting)

21. Human Factors Spectacles

22. 21 Agenda

23. 22 Continued outreach & regulatory cooperation Creation of Mx audit tools Address issues of HF on new technologies Multi-faceted approaches to studying maintenance fatigue Future Challenges (1 of 2)

24. 23 Extending HF attention to Airport Operations. Support and capitalize on voluntary reporting system data Measurement of HF initiatives Future Challenges (2 of 2)

25. 24 Summary