Chapter 13

Slide 1:Chapter 13

Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

Slide 2:You Will Learn�

About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Workstation

Slide 3:Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture

Slide 4:Windows NT/2000/XP Modes

Slide 5:User Mode

Processor mode in which programs: Have only limited access to system information Can access hardware only through other OS services Used by several subsystems Windows tools run primarily in user mode Applications relate by way of the Win32 subsystem

Slide 6:Programs Interacting with Subsystems

Slide 7:Kernel Mode

Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware Used by two main components HAL (hardware abstraction layer) Executive services

Slide 8:Networking Features

Workgroups Domains Native mode and mixed mode(Windows 2000) Active Directory (Windows 2000)

Slide 9:Workgroups

Logical groups of computers and users that share resources Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC Use peer-to-peer networking model

Slide 10:A Windows Workgroup

Slide 11:Domains

Groups of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security Use client/server model Have a domain controller which stores and controls the SAM database (user, group, and computer accounts)

Slide 12:A Windows Domain

Slide 13:Windows NT/2000/XP Logon

Default administrator account Has the most privileges and rights Can create user accounts and assign them rights

Slide 14:How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives

Slide 15:A Choice of File Systems

Slide 16:A Choice of File Systems (continued)

FAT uses three components to manage data on a logical drive FAT Directories Data files NTFS uses a database called the master file table (MFT) as its core component

Slide 17:Master File Table (MFT)

Slide 18:Advantages of NTFS over FAT

Recoverable Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows 2000/XP only) Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large volume drives Provides added security when booting from floppy disks Uses smaller cluster sizes

Slide 19:Advantages of FAT over NTFS

Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS OSs Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk to access the drive

Slide 20:Installing Windows 2000 Professional

Clean install Overwrites all information from previous OS installations Upgrade installation Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS

Slide 21:Planning the Installation

Verify minimum requirements At least 650 MB free space on hard drive At least 64 MB of RAM 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32) Use the Microsoft Web site to verify components for Windows 2000: computer, peripheral hardware devices, and software

Slide 22:Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers

Consider where Windows 2000 installation files are stored Convenience of putting them in the \i386 directory on a file server (distribution server) Options for installation Unattended installation Drive imaging (disk cloning) Know how to configure to access the network

Slide 23:Upgrade or Clean Install?

Clean install, erasing existing installations Fresh start Must reinstall applications software and restore data from backups Upgrading existing operating system Applications, data, most OS settings are carried forward Installation is faster Creating a dual boot Not recommended between Windows 2000 andWindows NT

Slide 24:Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000

Considerations Registries are incompatible Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000 Setup to check for compatibility

Slide 25:Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 (continued)

Hardware compatibility Windows 2000 does not import drivers from Windows 9x Windows 2000 deletes all Windows 9x system files and replaces them with Windows 2000 system files

Slide 26:Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 (continued)

Software compatibility Windows 9x applications store registry data differently and may rely on APIs specific to Windows 9x

Slide 27:Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000

Considerations If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to Windows 2000 version of NTFS If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party software that allows Windows NT to use FAT32, Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS

Slide 28:Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 (continued)

Hardware compatibility Most hardware and drivers will work Check HCL on the Microsoft Web site or run Check Upgrade Only mode of Setup

Slide 29:Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 (continued)

Software compatibility Nearly all applications will run with some exceptions Antivirus software and third-party network software Some disk management tools Custom tools for power management Custom solutions that are workarounds forWindows NT not supporting PnP Software to monitor and control a UPS

Slide 30:Steps to Install Windows 2000

Use Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe, both located in the \i386 directory Access CMOS setup and verify settings

Slide 31:Clean Installation

If PC is capable of booting from a CD Insert the CD and turn on the PC Setup Wizard appears If PC does not boot from a CD and you have a clean, empty hard drive Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot the PC and to begin installation Remaining installation is done from the CD

Slide 32:Clean Install When Hard Drive Has an OS Installed

Process if you use Windows 9x and the PC automatically detects a CD in the CD-ROM drive Process if the PC does not automatically recognize a CD

Slide 33:Upgrade Installation

Prepare for installation Verify that all devices and applications are Windows 2000-compatible Scan memory and hard drive for viruses Back up critical system files and data files Close all applications and disable virus-scanning software; decompress hard drive (if compressed)

Slide 34:Upgrade Installation (continued)

Perform the upgrade Insert CD; Setup Wizard runs Report phase Setup phase Text mode GUI mode

Slide 35:After Installation: Backing Up the System State

Download and install all OS service packs, updates, and patches Verify that all hardware works and install additional devices Create user accounts Install additional Windows components and applications Verify that the system functions properly and backup the system state

Slide 36:Installing Hardware and Applications Under Windows 2000

Add New Hardware Wizard automatically launches when new hardware is detected Software is best installed from Add/Remove Programs icon of Control Panel

Slide 37:Installing Hardware

Slide 38:Updating a Device Driver

Slide 39:Installing Applications

Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility looks different and provides more options: Change or remove presently installed programs Add new programs from CD, floppy disk, or from Microsoft over the Internet Add or remove Windows components

Slide 40:Installing Applications (continued) 

Slide 41:Supporting Windows NT

Different ways to install Windows NT Troubleshooting the Windows NT boot process

Slide 42:Installing Windows NT as the Only OS

Installation files are stored in the \i386 directory on CD-ROM drive If hard drive has no OS, boot from three start up disks; installation continues from CD To perform an upgrade to Windows NT: Boot the OS Execute Winnt.exe on the Windows NT CD

Slide 43:Troubleshooting theWindows NT Boot Process

If Windows NT boot loader menu appears, use Last Know Good configuration If unable to boot from hard drive, use three boot disks; select option �To repair a damaged Windows NT version 4.0 installation� Try reinstalling Windows NT in its current folder; tell Setup it is an upgrade Move hard drive to another system that runs Windows NT (last resort if using NTFS)

Slide 44:Last Known Good Configuration

A copy of hardware configuration from the registry that is saved by the OS each time it boots and the first logon is made with no errors Contained in the registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE Reverting to it causes loss of any changes made to hardware configuration since Last Known Good was saved

Slide 45:Windows NT Boot Disks

Three disks required to hold enough ofWindows NT to boot Format a disk using Windows NT Explorer

Slide 46:Creating Windows NT Boot Disks

Slide 47:The Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)

Contains information unique to the OS and hard drive Can be used to fix a problem with the OS Enables restoration of Windows registry on the hard drive, which contains all configuration information for Windows Also includes information used to build a command window to run DOS-like commands

Slide 48:Files on the ERD

Slide 49:Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot

Boot disks to boot Windows NT ERD to recover critical system files on hard drive

Slide 50:Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot (continued)

Slide 51:Summary

Windows NT/2000/XP share the same basic architecture and have similar characteristics How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and software under Windows 2000 Windows NT installation and support