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Finding Relevant Evidence

Finding Relevant Evidence. Using Search Engines and Databases Susan Fowler Medical Library St. Louis Children’s Hospital SFowler22@wustl.edu 314-454-2768. Outline. Search Strategy Pulling Keywords from Your PICO Question Boolean, Truncation, and Wild Cards

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Finding Relevant Evidence

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  1. Finding Relevant Evidence Using Search Engines and Databases Susan Fowler Medical Library St. Louis Children’s Hospital SFowler22@wustl.edu 314-454-2768 BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  2. Outline • Search Strategy • Pulling Keywords from Your PICO Question • Boolean, Truncation, and Wild Cards • Hierarchy of Evidence and Study Design • AACN Procedure Manual for Pediatric Acute and Critical Care • National Guidelines Clearinghouse • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews • PubMed • SLCH Medical Library Services • Becker Medical Library Services BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  3. The Search Strategy • Develop PICO question • Identify keywords and terms from PICO • Identify standardized subject headings • Combine subject headings and keywords to narrow or broaden your search • Evaluate your search results • Revise the search in light of your results BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  4. Pulling Keywords from Your PICO Question • What are the main topics of your PICO? • Brainstorm – what other words could you use to describe your topic? • What are some synonyms for the words you’ve come up with? BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  5. Evaluate the Search Results • Don’t be afraid if you have zero (0) or thousands of results, play around with search strategies – you wont break anything! • Read the titles and abstracts of “hits” in your search to get a feel for their relevance • Identify relevant MeSH and Keywords used to index particularly relevant “hits” • If your search yields too many or too few hits, modify it and try again BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  6. Revise the Search in Light of your Results • Narrow the search by combining search terms and applying limits • Broaden the search if the results are too limited by removing keywords and limits BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  7. Boolean • AND • OR • NOT BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  8. Boolean strawberry AND vanilla AND chocolate Strickland, Jennifer and Henderson, John R. (October 10, 2005). Boolean Logic. Retrieved September 22, 2007, from http://www.ithaca.edu/library/course/expert.html. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  9. Boolean strawberry OR vanilla OR chocolate Strickland, Jennifer and Henderson, John R. (October 10, 2005). Boolean Logic. Retrieved September 22, 2007, from http://www.ithaca.edu/library/course/expert.html. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  10. Boolean and Nesting • (strawberry OR vanilla) NOT chocolate Strickland, Jennifer and Henderson, John R. (October 10, 2005). Boolean Logic. Retrieved September 22, 2007, from http://www.ithaca.edu/library/course/expert.html. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  11. Truncation and Wild Cards • Truncation is a searchable shortened form of a word. • adolescen* will include • adolescence • adolescent • adolescents, etc… • Wild card characters are useful because of alternate spellings and other quirks in the English language. • behavio?r, will include • behaviour • behavior • Wom*n, will include • women • woman BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  12. Hierarchy of Evidence and Study Design As you move up the pyramid the amount of available literature decreases, but increases in its relevance to the clinical setting. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  13. AACN Procedure Manual for Pediatric Acute and Critical Care • A print manual available in the reference section of the SLCH Medical Library • This manual cannot be checked out but you are welcome to make free copies of practice guidelines • Look up your topic in the Index, if it isn’t there, think of synonyms BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  14. National Guidelines Clearinghouse • Freely accessible database of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and related documents. • Initiated by the AHRQ in partnership with the American Medical Association and America's Health Insurance Plans. • Now maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. • If you have developed a good practice guideline, consider submitting it to the NGC BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  15. Searching NGC • http://www.guideline.gov/ Click Detailed Search BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  16. NGC Detailed Search Enter Keyword Sort Results by Publication Date BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  17. NGC Detailed Search cont… Limit search to age of target population. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  18. NGC Search Example BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  19. NGC • Pros • Freely accessible practice guidelines that have undergone rigorous acceptance standards by the AMA, AHIP, AHRQ, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Cons • Limited content • Limited search capabilities BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  20. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews • “Gold Standard” for systematic reviews • Free database, but requires Wash U network access to access most content BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  21. Accessing Cochrane • http://becker.wustl.edu Choose Cochrane from Quick Links BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  22. Cochrane BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  23. Cochrane Search Example • Enter search keywords BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  24. Cochrane Search Example cont… You are only interested in Cochrane Reviews Click “Record” to view details of review and access full text if available. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  25. Cochrane Systematic Reviews • Pros • Compiled through rigorous standards • Review process has already been done so you don’t have to • Cons • Limited content • Limited search capabilities • Access to most full-text content requires you to be on a Wash U networked computer BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  26. PubMed • Created and maintained by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) • Considered one of the most comprehensive databases of published scientific research articles • Free database, but requires Wash U network access to access most content BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  27. Accessing PubMed • http://becker.wustl.edu Choose PubMed from Quick Links BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  28. MeSH = Medical Subject Headings Choose MeSH from Pull Down Menu BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  29. MeSH in PubMed • Enter your search term BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  30. PubMed MeSH cont… Choose the most applicable MeSH term BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  31. PubMed MeSH cont… • Use subheadings to further define your search. “analysis” should capture the concept of “monitoring” BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  32. PubMed MeSH cont… Send to Search Box Click box for subheading or main MeSH term BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  33. PubMed MeSH cont… • Enter your second term, “Neonate.” Choose the topic that best suits your inquiry by reading the brief definitions. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  34. PubMed MeSH cont… • At this point, you have not searched the literature yet. You have built a search. Once you are satisfied with the search you have built, click “PubMed Search.” BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  35. PubMed Search Example • Whoa! 1360 results! It is time to apply Limits. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  36. PubMed Limits • Click the “Limits” tab BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  37. PubMed Limits cont… • For Practice Guidelines, always limit to “Humans,” “English,” and “Type of Article” BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  38. PubMed Search Example BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  39. PubMed • Pros • Freely accessible database • Strong search capabilities • Cons • Vast amount of data requires application of limits • Some content will require Wash U Network access or inter-library loan BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  40. SLCH Medical Library • 24/7 hour Badge Access • Online access to a vast online collection via (4) Wash U Networked Computers • (4) BJC Networked Computers • Journals, Books, and Databases • Free Copying and Printing • Free Fax • Citation Assistance • Bibliographic Instruction • Free Interlibrary Loan • Literature Searches • Reference Questions • Collection Development – Is there a book, journal, online resource that you think should be available at the library? Ask for it! BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  41. Bernard Becker Medical Library Becker welcomes your requests • SLCH employees have Borrowing Privileges • Articles, send requests to ill@medicine.wustl.edu, let them know you work at SLCH • Reference Assistance • 314-362-7085 • askreference@msnotes.wustl.edu • Hours Mon-Thurs: 7:30 a.m. - 12:00 a.m.Friday: 7:30 a.m. - 10:00 p.m.Sat: 8:30 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.Sun: 12:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

  42. Need Help? Contact a librarian, we are here to help! SLCH Medical Librarian • Susan Fowler • SFowler22@wustl.edu • 314-454-2768 Becker Clinical Resources Librarian • Will Olmstadt • 314-362-4734 • olmstadtw@wustl.edu BERNARD BECKER MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington University School of Medicine

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