IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management

IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management Date Submitted: March 3 2009 Presented at IEEE 802 plenary in Vancouver Authors or Sources: Dennis Edwards, Behcet Sarikaya, Subir Das, James Han, Junghoon Jee, Anthony Chan Abstract: 802.21 MRPM Tutorial 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Contents • Existing power management in individual networks • Problem with multiple interfaces • Basic MIH capabilities • MRPM principle • MRPM Use cases • Why Amendment? • Conclusion 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Broad category of Modes(varies in specific networks) On/active Actively running a network application Standby Always ready to communicate Sleep Wake at scheduled times to check whether to communicate Off P P wake Power off off Battery life 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Other Nets Power management in individual networks • Each network has own power management for paging and wake, location update, sleep mode protocol, and power saving operations. • Each one is performing tasks that consume energy. 802.3 802.11 multiple interfaces device 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Power Management in 802.11/16:optimized within its own technology 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Power Management in 3GPP/3GPP2: optimized within its own technology 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Possible time scales for 802.11 • In sleep mode (extended PS mode), may adjust sleep interval, but no Group Transient Key update. • In power-saving (PS) mode, response time is several beacon intervals: fraction of a second. • Automatic PS delivery (APSD) mode: Use algorithm to adjust PS time to finer granularity or when there are packets to transmit • In active mode, response time depends on traffic and QoS class. • Location and BSS change: during wake at the designated DTIM >10s Deep sleep 10s Sleep interval 1s PS mode DTIM interval 100ms Beacon interval APSD time granularity CSMA/CA (Active mode) 10ms 1ms 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Possible time scale for 802.16m • Idle mode (not registered): periodically listens to paging broadcast over a large area, performs location update, • Sleep mode (registered): variable sleep interval (2-1024 frames, frame duration =2-20 ms), with variable connections: • Type I: for NRT-VR, BE • Type II: for RT-VR, UGS • Type III: management operations, periodic ranging (for HO) Location determination >10s Deep sleep 10s Sleep interval Multicast channel reselection 1s Idle to active (802.16e) 100ms Handover delay Idle to active (802.16m) 10ms 1ms 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Multiple interfacesare sharing a battery 802.11 Single-interface device: Different technologies have different modes of operation each with different power consumption + – + – + – 802.11 Multiple-interface device: Drains battery fast if power consumption is optimized only within each individual network technology + – 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Activating multiple radios results in greater power consumption 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

2. Power consumption even duringperiod of non-active application service • Power required for scanning is about 60% of the power required for receiving data rate of 1Mb/s • (JJ to clarify and list source) 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

3. Significant power is consumed when network interface is not in the OFF state • Network interface consumes 70% of total platform power Source: mobisys 2006 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

4. Difficult to conserve powerwith multiple interfaces • Each radio power is currently managed independently of the other radios • Connection managers being used in terminals • are proprietary • don’t make use of any network signaling • Integrated radio management is needed to enhance battery life by enabling control of multi-radio power states depending on characteristics of each radio’s power consumption and application needs. • Example: Keep only one radio powered on and power off the rest. 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

MRPM scope • Not in Scope: Enhancements to the MAC/PHY of individual access technologies for making them more power efficient are outside the scope of this project. • Scope: Define mechanisms to reduce power consumption of multi-radio mobile devices on heterogeneous IEEE 802.21 compliant networks. 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 What MRPM tries to achieve • Turning off unused interfaces and minimizing live interfaces • Keep an energy efficient radio “on” for receiving notification of incoming service. • Put unused radios in low power state. • Notify the “on” radio of traffic destined for an “off-available” radio, through new network functions, so that the device may wake up the off-available radio. • Example: 802.11 Sleep Deep sleep (Explain later) Off + – 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Challenges • Minimize the impacts caused by turning off interfaces. • Network detection, Service response time, Ping-pong effects, etc. • (to be explained) • Turn-on intelligently. • Only within its coverage area • Only when other interfaces are not appropriate in meeting the application service requirements • Cost, QoS, Resource, etc. • (to be explained) 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Battery life depends on many things Different modes of operation in different technologies Battery life also depends on Fast call set up PTT (interactive) + – Active/on Data rate? Play back-start Record-start Discharge rate? 802.16 Sleep? 802.11 Sleep? + – Connectivity Response time Temperature? Charge count? CDMA Sleep? 802.11 Idle? + – Webpage-start Streaming-start Background-start + – Off 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Challengesfrom application requirements • There are tradeoffs between power-saving and operational capabilities. • The operations involved include: • Handover • Response to paging • Location update, etc. • The capability to perform each operation while optimizing power saving depends on Application requirements 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Application requirementsin terms of response time >10s Background-start Mean Web think time Streaming-start 10s Webpage-start Record-start (interactive) Play back-start (interactive) 1s PTT (interactive) Sleep  on Delay (conversational) Fast call set up 100ms Hold  on Lip synchronization (IEEE C802.20-03/13r1) 10ms Jitter in voice and video 1ms 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Involving network to • Network (MIH) can be informed of the response time requirements of the applications • Knowing the response times of the different modes for different interfaces is useful to figure out the multiple interface power saving strategy to trade-off between response time and power saving and to determine the appropriate sleep interval. • Network can be informed of the actual multiple-interface power saving states of the MN to determine how to reach the MN (whether to wake, and wake which interface) 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Sleep interval Normal sleep Shorter response time to paging Shorter battery life P Battery Life Deep sleep Longer response time to paging Longer battery life P Battery Life 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Battery life for multiple interfaces 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Cellular Turning off interface • David has a multi-radio mobile terminal with WiFi and Cellular interfaces. • David is working at his office where the WiFi network is available. • David starts an application session through the WiFi interface. • The application session is terminated and David moves out of the office building. • No WiFi hotspots are found in the surrounding areas and the terminal’s WiFi interface is turned off to minimize the power consumption. • Will not know when to turn back on without MRPM 802.11 Off Sleep 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Waking up interface – User Preference • David lives in LA and went to Spain for business trip. • David’s wife Kim in LA wants to call to David using David’s VoIP number by considering the Cellular’s high roaming fee. • (David has a VoIP subscription number of LA) • David terminal’s WiFi interface is deactivated when it is not used even within the WiFi coverage area to minimize the power consumption. • Kim makes a call and David’s network accessibility is checked. • If David is within the WiFi coverage area, the WiFi interface is activated and an economic, sweet and comfortable conversation begins by just paying the local phone fee. • Will not be able to activate from off without MRPM 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Cellular Waking up interface - Resource • Here comes a multimedia call toward David. • The multimedia call requires higher bandwidth that cannot be provided by the current cellular network resource. • David’s WiFi accessibility is checked. • If David is within the WiFi coverage area, the multimedia call is processed through the WiFi interface. • Will not turn on intelligently without involving network 802.11 Sleep Off 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

802.21 media independent handover (MIH) services MIH Function Information Service MIH_SAP Event service Command Service LLC_SAP LLC_SAP Network 1 (e.g., 802.16) Network 2 (e.g., 3GPP) Information Service MIH_LINK_SAP MIH_LINK_SAP Event Service Command service handover 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

802.21 MIH at devices and at networksenables collaboration between them MIH_NET_SAP MIH_NET_SAP 802.11u 802.16g 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Having and Missing • What we already have • Heterogeneous network coverage information • We can respond to the following question: • “I am here, let me know the neighboring networks that I can access. • Missing • Network does not have precise information about terminal’s current situation and user’s preference. • Losing reachability • Out of coverage area, No subscription, Power-off • User’s expectation when losing connectivity or turning-off • Alternative interface to be reached • Turning on when incoming call arrives within coverage area 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Why New Amendment? • Until Now, • We worked to gather heterogeneous network information through IS • We were interested in detecting the upcoming candidate network through ES • We were interested in the timing when to activate/deactivate the target/serving interface not to loose on-going packets through CS • Now, we have to • Select network interface under considering; • Power Consumption • Heterogeneous Network Resource Status • Application Service Requirements 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Why New Amendment? (2) • We would like to enhance the network selection mechanism • Power Efficient • Preventing unnecessary powering up • Only within its coverage area and only when subscription is allowed • Minimizing the power consumption • Turns off not actively used interface • Resource Aware and Service Efficient • Select resource available network interface which can meet the application requirements JJ: More will be added. 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Contents • Overview • Existing power management in individual networks • Problem Statement • MRPM Principle • MRPM Use Cases • Why New Amendment? • Conclusion 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Multi-radio power conservation management • PAR/5C is at: • https://mentor.ieee.org/802.21/file/08/21-09-0021-00-mrpm-revised-par-and-5c.doc • Feedback: • anthonychan@huawei.com; jhjee@etri.re.kr; • STDS-802-21@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

Thank you 21-09-0030-01-mrpm

IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management