Vocational Nursing Mission College VN 55A2 Medical Surgical Theory Genitourinary

1. Vocational NursingMission CollegeVN 55A2Medical Surgical Theory Genitourinary Lisa Chance, RN, BSN

2. Quiz Today • Yes, there is a quiz today. • It is just a little one. • It is fill in. • It is on anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology. • Not to worry. I will review items first.

3. Nothing should be on your table top except the test, appropriate answer material, & your pencil. • No calculators or electronic thesaurus are permitted. • No cheating. • You may go to the bathroom during a test; however, you will not be allowed to continue taking the test. • Today is a fill in test.

4. When there are color tests or exams, indicate what color, letter, or number of test you have on your test paper or Scan-Tron. • You should not be sitting next to a person who has the same color quiz, test or exam. • There are two finals in this class: one on GU & on of F&E.

5. Quizzes & Exams • From current NCLEX test questions. • From current nursing articles (last five years). • Continuing education articles we will go over. • Web sites questions we that will count as class participation points and will have the answers and rationales. • Hints in lecture questions.

6. Urinary System • Upper • Kidneys make urine • Ureters convey urine • Lower • Bladder stores urine • Urethra conveys urine

7. The Kidneys two organs located in the posterior part of the abdomen one on each side of the spine just below the liver and spleen.

8. The two kidneys are located in the lumbar region of the back behind the parietal peritoneum.

9. http://www.merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/frame_emedtool_search.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/hcp/content/emed/Urinary/Urinary_JPEGs/index.htmhttp://www.merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/frame_emedtool_search.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/hcp/content/emed/Urinary/Urinary_JPEGs/index.htm

10. The Kidneys • Essential for survival! • Responsible for: • regulating body fluid composition & water • & chemicals in blood such as: • sodium (Na+) • potassium (K+ primary regulators !!) • phosphorus (P) • calcium (Ca) • filtering the blood • Remove drugs & toxins introduced into the body.

11. The Kidneys • Releasing hormones into blood to help the body: • regulate blood pressure • red blood cell production • Maintain body's calcium levels promote strong bones

12. The kidneys: • Are attached to the abdominal wall at the level of the last thoracic & first three lumbar vertebra. The kidneys are surrounded by fat, which protects them.

13. Hard to palpate unless: • Enlarged with • Hydronephrosis • Cyst • neoplasm • Patient slim. • Often confused with spleen on palpation. • Left is usually easier to find by palpation than right.

14. The Adrenal Glands

15. Adrenal Glands • Produce hormones that help control: • heart rate • blood pressure • the way the body uses food (metabolism) • & other vital functions

17. Cortex secretes: • steroid (cortisone-related) hormones • mineralocortoids that regulate the levels of minerals such as sodium and potassium in the blood

19. Open your workbooks! • There is an error! • Where is that line going?

20. Pt injected with radiopaque dye & X-rays are taken as the dye travels through the urinary tract. • Note the location of the renal pelvis! It is used as a major landmark in this diagnostic test.

21. The hard outer portion of the kidney is called the: O Calyx O Fascia O Papilla O Medulla O Cortex

22. The hard outer portion of the kidney is called the: Cortex

23. The 2 kidneys are only 0.4% of the body weight but receive about 25% of the blood flow (cardiac output).

26. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

27. 1 million nephrons in each kidney have the job of: • filtering the blood to form urine • excreting toxins and other wastes • returning the filtered blood to the renal veins to put it back into the general circulation

29. Glomerulus- tuft of capillaries where filtration occurs Bowman's capsule- surrounds glomerulus, collects filtrate

30. Bowman’s capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus, is the starting point of the tubule, where reabsorption and secretion take place. Filtrate passing into Bowman’s capsule is channeled into the tubule.

31. Where filtration occurs. • The glomerulus is a group of tiny capillaries with very thin walls. • As blood passes through, particles and waste products are filtered out into a liquid filtrate. • Blood cells and proteins, too large to penetrate the glomerular walls, return to the general circulation.

34. The actual filtration of the body's waste products takes place in the: O Nephrons O Bladder O Urethra O Renal pelvis O Ureters

35. The actual filtration of the body's waste products takes place in the: Nephrons

36. Each nephron consists ofthe renal tubule & the renal corpusclecalled the: O Nephron O Efferent arteriole O Afferent arteriole O Glomerulus O Bowman's capsule

37. Each nephron consists ofthe renal tubule & the renal corpusclecalled the: Bowman's capsule

38. Another name for voiding is: O Diuresis O Cystitis O Urgency O Nephrosis O Micturition

39. Another name for voiding is: Micturition

40. Waste products are removed from the blood through the three stages called filtration, reabsorption, and: O Enuresis O Pubic symphysis O Homeostasis O Secretion O Peristaltic waves

41. Waste products are removed from the blood through the three stages called filtration, reabsorption, and:  Secretion

42. One of the most vital functionsof the kidneys is to: O Regulate blood pressure O Produce aldosterone O Regulate the body's electrolytes O Supply blood to the renal artery O Produce the hormone ADH

43. One of the most vital functionsof the kidneys is to: Regulate blood pressure

44. The involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established is called: O Phimosis O Enuresis O Nocturia O Dysuria O Diuresis

45. The involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established is called: Enuresis

46. Practice for the NCLEX-PNby CramExam • 19:00 • 12:00 • 10:00 • 07:00 The client with enuresis is being taught regarding bladder retraining. The nurse should advise the client to refrain from drinking after:

47. Practice for the NCLEX-PNby CramExam The client with enuresis is being taught regarding bladder retraining. The nurse should advise the client to refrain from drinking after: • 19:00

48. Urea • Nitrogenous waste product from the metabolism of amino acids. • Over-consumption of protein for a prolonged period of time can also increase the formation of a highly toxic ammonia called urea. • Since the urea in your body must be excreted, an overabundance of urea places a strain on your liver and kidneys and is oftentimes responsible for a form of arthritis known as gout.

49. anuria • absence of urination

50. hematuria • blood in the urine