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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. Michael Hall PhD. University of California Los Angeles. cailey@ucla.edu. The Cardiovascular System. pulmonary artery. pulmonary vein. vena cava. Epithelium and Endothelium. Types of Epithelium. Endothelium is a specialized simple

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System Michael Hall PhD. University of California Los Angeles

  2. cailey@ucla.edu

  3. The Cardiovascular System pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava

  4. Epithelium and Endothelium

  5. Types of Epithelium Endothelium is a specialized simple squamous epithelium

  6. Endothelium lines all blood vessels Endothelium Smooth muscle

  7. The role of endothelial cells in diapedesis

  8. The Heart

  9. Head and arms SVC Aorta R. lung L. lung LA RA LV Septum RV IVC Trunk and legs

  10. Epicardium The Heart Wall Epicardium Myocardium Myocardium Fluid space Endocardium Pericardium Endocardium Inside Atrium

  11. Heart valves

  12. Heart valve Valve E F Valve E chordae tendinae

  13. Heart valves and supporting fibrous skeleton Valves Fibrous skeleton Cardiac muscle (myocardium)

  14. Conducting System

  15. Conducting system of the heart

  16. Endocardium Purkinje cells make up the Purkinje fibers, which constitute part of the conducting system of the heart Cardiac muscle fibers

  17. Conducting system of the heart Bundle of His

  18. Cardiac Muscle

  19. Organization of Cardiac Muscle Intercalated disc Intercalated disk myofibrils endomysium myofiber

  20. Structure of a Cardiac Muscle Sarcomere Electron Micrograph Diagram

  21. I-band Z-disk A-band sarcomere Cardiac Muscle

  22. cardiac muscle

  23. ID CT N Branching fibers Cardiac Muscle

  24. Z-disk Fiber1 Fiber 2 Fiber 4 Fiber 3 Structure of intercalated disc of cardiac muscle

  25. Smooth Muscle

  26. Smooth Muscle Cell

  27. Smooth Muscle Sheet

  28. Smooth Muscle

  29. Small Artery with Smooth Muscle in tunica media Endothelium

  30. Smooth Muscle Contraction

  31. The distributing portion of the cardiovascular system The arteries and veins

  32. General Structure of Artery and Vein T. Intima: Endothelium + Subendothelium + Elastic lamina T. Media: Smooth muscle Collagen Elastica T. Adventitia: Collagen Elastica Vasavasorum

  33. Structure of a typical Vein and Artery

  34. Arteries

  35. Elastic (conducting) artery (eg aorta) Muscular (distributing) artery (eg renal, splenic)

  36. Elastic (conducting) artery T. intima T. media T. intima elastic laminae IEL T adventitia T. media Muscular (distributing) artery EEL T adventitia

  37. Arteriole and venule V IEL A

  38. Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the intima layer Leading cause of death in industrialized nations Death results from occlusion or rupture of arteries Prevalence is close to 100%

  39. Capillaries

  40. Capillaries Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal

  41. Types of capillaries Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal

  42. Capillary blood flow A-V anastomosis

  43. Capillary functions • Selective permeability barrier: • Exchange of nutrients • Metabolic functions: • Effect on blood flow • Antithrombogenic effect: • Prevention of blood clotting

  44. Veins

  45. Muscular artery and large vein

  46. Large vein eg. vena cava Medium vein t. a t. a t. m t. m t. i t. i

  47. Large vein TA TM Arterioles small vein/venule Small artery Venule

  48. Contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle aid in the return of blood to the heart. Valves prevent backflow

  49. Lymphatics

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