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1. Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers,1890-1914? • Assessment Model Answers • Key points for the future • Link all points clearly to the question. • Eg Question One ………therefore there was an Arms race because…… • Support all points with specific examples. Eg Question 6C. One dispute between any of the countries in the two alliances, for example Germany and France going to war over Alsace Lorraine, would lead to the other countries joining in. www.historytl.com

2. 4b) How far does this source explain why there was an arms race between Britain and Germany? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer. This source explains why there was an arms race between Britain and Germany because it says that Germany wanted to ‘protect their trade and interests’ and the way to do that would be to build up their arms. This explains why Germany would build up their navy which would lead to an arms race with Britain. It also says ‘in distant seas’ this supports the view that Germany will build up their navy. This will be a direct threat to Britain as they have the strongest navy and so will have to continue to build up their navy in response to this threat. This explains why there was an arms race as it gives a clear reason for Germany and Britain to build up their navies, as they would be in competion for Empires. However the source does not tell us the whole story because it is only the German point of view as it is the Kaiser justifying the German build up in a British newspaper. It gives no reason for the British build up or explains why the German action would lead to an arms race. www.historytl.com

3. 4C Why was this postcard published in 1914? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer This postcard was published in 1914 because this is the year war broke out between Britain and Germany. This is propaganda to show the German Kaiser as the enemy and to show why war was needed to stop him. Evidence from the source to support this is that the Kaiser appears ‘mad’ in the way he is drawn, in particular his eyes. To show that the German leader is out of control, and it also shows that Germany is a threat and planning to take over Europe as the Kaiser is drawn reaching for the soap labelled ‘Europe’ and says ‘he won’t stop until he gets it’ implying the Kaiser will need to be stopped. My own knowledge supports this is why it was published because war was declared on the 4th of August 1914 by Britain on Germany as Germany was seen as a threat to Britain in Europe and its empire as well. www.historytl.com

4. 6a) Describe the Triple Entente of 1907 The Triple Entente was the alliance signed by Britain and France in 1907. It meant Britain joined the earlier alliance of France and Russia signed in the 1890s. This was in response to German attempts to build up their Empire. It meant that the triple Entente now surrounded the Triple Alliance. 6b) Explain why the crisis in Morocco, 1905-6, increased tension in Europe. The first reason why the crisis in Morocco caused tension was that Germany interfered in French plans by making a speech supporting Moroccan independence. This angered the French, leading to tension between the two countries. The second reason is that at the ensuing conference to settle the dispute Germany were treated as if they had no right to get involved and left the Kaiser humiliated. He looked for opportunities to get involved again. The final reason is that as a direct result of the crisis Britain and France signed the Triple Entente. Therefore splitting Europe into two armed alliances that distrusted each other, increasing tension. www.historytl.com

5. 6c) The Alliance System was the most important cause of the First World War. How far do you agree with this statement? I agree with this statement because the formation of the Triple Alliance, Germany, Austria and Italy, and the Triple Entente, Britain, France and Russia, meant that Europe was divided into two heavily armed and suspicious camps. As a result an arms race developed as the alliances felt threatened, in particular Germany and Russia started to build up large armies. Another reason I agree with this statement is that if one country form either alliance went to war with a country from the rival alliance all should join in. Therefore there are more possible reasons for war to break out. For example if Britain and Germany went to war over their Empire building. However there are also other reasons, besides the alliances why the First World War broke out. For example there was high tension in the Balkans between Austria and Russia over control of the area. Both were looking for opportunities to expand, such as the annexation of Bosnia in 1908. This rivalry could have caused the war. Another reason I disagree is the long running dispute between Germany and France over the region of Alsace Lorraine that Germany had taken from France in 1871. This could have led to war regardless of the Alliance system. In conclusion I think the Alliance System was very important but other rivalries, such as that over the Balkans, was needed to start the alliances fighting. www.historytl.com

6. Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918 • Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? • Did the Alliance System make war more likely? • How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers? • Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? • How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation? • Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14? • Why did the First World War break out in 1914? • Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated? • How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war? • How far were the actions of Austria-Hungary, Britain, Germany and Russia responsible for the outbreak of war? • How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? • What happened on the Western Front? • Why did the war get bogged down in the trenches? • What was living and fighting in the trenches like? • How far did General Haig mismanage the Battle of the Somme? • How important were new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas? • What was the importance of America’s entry into the war? • Why did Germany agree to an armistice in 1918? • How important were the other fronts? • Who won the war at sea? • What happened in the Gallipoli campaign of 1915? • Why was Russia defeated in 1918? www.historytl.com

7. Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918 • Why did the First World War break out in 1914? • Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated? • How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war? • How far were the actions of Austria-Hungary, Britain, Germany and Russia responsible for the outbreak of war? • How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? www.historytl.com

8. Was Europe a ‘Powder’ Keg ? As a table discuss why might Europe be called this? Do you think it is a good description of Europe at the time? www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

9. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated? Objectives • To revisit the tension in Europe • To investigate the events around the Assassination of Ferdinand http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed-i7zWgqZo&feature=related www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

10. Under the title ‘The Spark that led to war’ Find the vital information and note it our books Who died? Where they died When they died? How they died? Who killed them? Why were they killed? www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

11. Under the title ‘The Spark that led to war’ • If Princip knew the result of his actions do you think he would have still pulled the trigger? • Which phrase describes Princip best Terrorist or freedom Fighter? • Who is more responsible for the assassination? Princip Or B (Appay) • Is there enough evidence for Austria to blame Serbia? www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

12. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war? Objectives • To understand the chain of events that led to the countries joining in the war • To make a justified judgement on this chain of events as to when war started www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

13. Why did World War One Break out? How did the spark lead to war? What happened on the following dates 28th June 6th July 23rd July 25th July 28th July 30th July 1st August 3rd August 4th August On which date do you think the war started? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/assassination-of-archduke-franz-ferdinand/5647.html www.historytl.com

14. Draw and complete this Flow map for the events leading to the outbreak of War 28th June 6th July 23rd July 25th July 28th July 30th July 1st August 3rd August 4th August Mark on which date you think World War one started and Explain your choice www.historytl.com

15. How accurate do you think this cartoon is? Support your answer with your own knowledge • Structure for Answer • Answer the question • I think the cartoon is accurate/not accurate because • The evidence from the source that supports this is.. • My own knowledge also supports this because.. • Answers need to be 2/3 of a side of A4 www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

16. Source Self Assessment • Criteria • Answers the exact question, using the key words in the question • Uses specific evidence from all sources in the question • Uses specific own knowledge to place sources in context • Makes use of Nature/Origin/Purpose and date to support answer when relevant • Assessment Table www.historytl.com Unit A972: British Depth Study

17. In pairs discuss and come to a conclusion on – Does planning for war make war more or less likely to happen? Is it sensible to have a plan in case war breaks out? www.historytl.com

18. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? Objectives • To understand the thinking behind the Schlieffen Plan • To be able to explain why this plan failed • To link this plan in as a factor to the outbreak of war www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

19. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? What was the Schlieffen Plan? (4 marks = 4 sentences)

20. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? Exam Practice Explain why the Schlieffen Plan failed (6 marks) For all EXPLAIN WHY questions give three clear reasons, make sure the reasons are linked to the exact question Structure One reason is Another reason is My final reason is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJXAcl8D51Y www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

21. Study this source carefully • Who are the two figures in the cartoon? • 'No Thoroughfare' means 'No Way Through'. What does the cartoonist mean by this? • Compare the way the two figures are drawn. Which one has the support of the cartoonist? • Is it possible to say whether this cartoon reflects public opinion in Britain at the time? • Do you think the cartoon might have influenced public opinion or government policy? British cartoon produced for a newspaper in 1914 www.historytl.com

22. What is the message of this cartoon – Use the Cartoon and your own knowledge to explain your answer (6 marks) MESSAGE Evidence from Source to support message Own knowledge to support the message British cartoon produced for a newspaper in 1914 www.historytl.com

23. Reflect back, why did Britain go to war officially? Is this enough of a reason? What other possible reasons are there? www.historytl.com

24. Exam Practice Explain why Britain went to war in August 1914 (6 marks) For all EXPLAIN WHY questions give three clear reasons, make sure the reasons are linked to the exact question Structure One reason is Another reason is My final reason is

25. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Who was to blame for the War starting? Objectives • To investigate different interpretations • To analyse source material • To come to a clear conclusion www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

26. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Who was to blame for the War starting? In pairs list as many possible answers to the question and give a reason for each possible answer Aim for at least five possible answers www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

27. Long term causes of tension before the outbreak of World War One Increased rivalry over navies and Empires, Britain and Germany Increased tension over the Balkans between Austria and Russia as the power of Turkey declines Increased build up of arms from all powers resulting in an Arms race 1905/6The Morocco Crisis 1871 Germany takes the region of Alsace Lorraine from France 1907Triple Entente signed 1911The Agadir Crisis (Morocco) 1906 Britain builds the 1st Dreadnought 1913 2nd Balkan War 1882The Triple Alliance formed 1839 The Treaty of London, between Britain and Belgium 1912 1st Balkan War 1908 Germany builds a Dreadnought 1904 Entente Cordial signed between Britain and France Pre 19001900 1905 1910 1915 1908Austria annexed Bosnia to her Empire 1892 Franco-Russian Alliance formed WAR ! 1905 Germany writes Schlieffen Plan 1909 Russia begins to build up her army in case of war 28th June 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand France prepares Plan 17 to recapture Alsace Lorraine Britain creates BEF in case of European War www.historytl.com

28. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? In pairs complete source analysis On the back of your source sheet, list three causes of the war that are shown, chose one and explain how it may have caused the outbreak of war Hint! www.historytl.com

29. MESSAGE Purpose (of a cartoon) Own Knowledge Evidence from the source in support www.historytl.com

30. What happened on the Western Front? A Review Organise your notes – making sure that all of your work is up to date, stuck in and the contents page is filled in Review your notes – Decide on What question would you still like to ask What are the three most important facts to remember? What was the most interesting thing you have discovered? What three skills will you need to do well in the exam Design a 5 minute revision activity on this topic Swap activities with your neighbour, do the activity and give them feedback on how useful it is Be ready to share your examples with the group www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

31. Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? Topic Reflection –Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Objectives • To review the causes of war breaking out • To prioritize the causes of the war • To come to a judgment as to why the war broke out Learning Outcome To be able to answer a 10 mark exam question on Why did the War break out in 1914? www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

32. Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? Topic Reflection –Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Look at the nine causes of the First world War you have Prioritise them in a diamond rank from most important to least important, Be prepared to explain why you have placed the cause as more or less important Now write your top three causes for your file and explain why you think they are important Write the least important cause and explain why you think this is the least important Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

33. Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? Topic Reflection –Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Plenary Reflect back over the causes you have selected and complete the following I think World War One broke out because (MAX 15 words) Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

34. So who was to blame? • Look the source • Who does it blame for the war starting? • What details on the source make you think so? • What own knowledge do you have to support the source? Source A The Austrian government was not much concerned to punish the crime of Sarajevo. They wanted to punish a different crime - the crime that Serbia committed by existing as a free national state. AJP Taylor, Europe - Grandeur and Decline (1967) AJP Taylor was a respected, but outspoken, historian www.historytl.com

35. So who was to blame? • Look the source • Who does it blame for the war starting? • What details on the source make you think so? • What own knowledge do you have to support the source? Source B An unjust war has been declared on a weak country. The anger in Russia shared fully by me is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far. Nicky Telegram, Tsar Nicolas to Kaiser Wilhelm, 29 July Nicholas and Wilhelm were cousins, and had been great friends www.historytl.com

36. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why did war break out in 1914? Can we apply this knowledge to an exam question? • The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was the most important cause of World War One. Do you agree with this statement? (10 marks) • Structure • One sentence introduction • Two clear reasons that agree with the statement • There is evidence that agrees…… • Two/Three clear reasons that disagree with the statement • There is evidence that disagrees ……… • Conclusion • In conclusion I do / do not agree with the statement because…… • At least one side of A4 www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

37. Using the sources you have studied prepare to answer the question It is Christmas 1914. You are British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith. Like most British people, you thought the war would be over by Christmas. It is now obvious to everyone that it will not be over for some time. You are going to give a speech in Parliament that will be reported in all the newspapers. Your aim is to remind people why Britain went to war in August 1914 and to convince them that the cause is worth the suffering. Use the boxes in the diagram below to plan your speech. In each box, make a list of the key points you want to make and the evidence you will use to convince people you are right. Points and evidence about Germany being a threat to Britain Points and evidence about Belgium PM Herbert Asquith Points and evidence about supporting Russia and France Points and evidence about public support for the war Now write your speech, between 300 and 400 words, including reference to the sources you have studied www.historytl.com

39. Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? How can we apply this knowledge? You have 20 minutes to answer question 5 part C Objectives • To attempt exam questions • To peer mark exam questions • To write tips for exam answers The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was the main reason for war breaking out in 1914. How far do you agree with this statement? www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

40. Exam Question Answer Template Paper One Do you agree………………? Essay • One sentence introduction • Paragraph explaining why you agree, with specific evidence • Paragraph enplaning why you do not agree with specific evidence • In conclusion I do / do not agree because…. Remember for a balanced answer you must give both sides and answer the question in the conclusion www.historytl.com

41. Examine the sources in the case studies Examine the statements below and decide how far the evidence of the sources in the gallery supports or contradicts them. (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/greatwar/g2/cs1/default.htm ) For each statement you should put something in either column 2 or 3. If you feel the evidence is not clear, or the statement is a bit misleading, you could put something in both columns. www.historytl.com

42. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why did Britain go to War in 1914? Objectives • To use and apply web based resources • To investigate and analyse sources • To apply sources to key question http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/greatwar/g2/cs1/default.htm www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

43. You are being asked to research 3 key questions • Did Britain see Germany as a threat? • Did Britain go to war because of Belgium? • Did public opinion drag Britain into the war? • You will need to be able to answer these 3 questions in order to answer this lesson’s key question: Why did Britain go to war in 1914? • You will have: • This lesson to prepare • Your resource pack to help you

44. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why did Britain go to War in 1914? Britain saw Germany as a threat Public opinion dragged Britain into the war Britain went to war because of Belgium www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918

45. Why did Britain go to war in 1914? In 1914, tensions were rising and war was inevitable. Many countries joined in the war, but the last was Britain. I will explain why Britain joined in. One reason for Britain joining in the war was the threat from Germany. Germany was building up its navy and attempting to expand it’s empire, this would be threatening to Britain as Britain’s pride and strength was the navy, also, Britain had the largest empire. To have a growing opponent would certainly be a motive to go to war. Another reason for Britain going to war is that in the Schiefflen plan, Germany wanted to go through Belgium. This goes against the treaty of 1839 between Britain and Belgium. Britain had a duty to protect Belgium, forcing them to join the war. A third reason for Britain to go to war was because of public support, this support as created with propaganda, this was featured all over posters, one poster features a comparison between Belgium and England, England is shown to have ‘OUR homes are secure’, whereas Belgium is shown as ‘THEIR homes are destroyed’, this increases public opinion as it encourages people to go to war and shows Germany in a negative view, increasing hatred and likelihood to go to war. The final reason for why Britain joined the war is that it was in the triple entente with France and Russia; both of which Germany was trying to invade. On the 1st of august Germany declared war on Russia, and 2 days later they invaded France. Britain had to support its allies; and so joined the war. Overall, because Germany attempted to carry out the Schiefflen plan, Britain joined the war. War for Britain was most likely inevitable, but Belgium was the trigger, this is because of the treaty, but also because Belgium had ports, if Germany captured these ports, Britain would be an easy target for the growing threat. So, in conclusion Britain went to war because Germany attempted to go through Belgium. www.historytl.com

46. Why did the First World War break out in 1914? Why did Britain go to War in 1914? • Why did Britain go to war in 1914? Homework • Britain went to war because they saw Germany as a threat. Do you agree with this statement? (10 marks) • Structure • One sentence introduction • Two clear reasons that agree with the statement • There is evidence that agrees…… • Two/Three clear reasons that disagree with the statement • There is evidence that disagrees ……… • Conclusion • In conclusion I do / do not agree with the statement because…… • At least one side of A4 www.historytl.com Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918