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Reporting Category 4

Reporting Category 4. Regional Interactions. Japan. Mountainous Archipelago (chain of islands) Four Main Islands Close to China and Korea Sea of Japan or the East Sea is between Japan and the Asian Mainland. Chinese Influence on Japan. Writing Architecture Buddhism. Shinto.

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Reporting Category 4

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  1. Reporting Category 4 Regional Interactions

  2. Japan • Mountainous Archipelago (chain of islands) • Four Main Islands • Close to China and Korea • Sea of Japan or the East Sea is between Japan and the Asian Mainland

  3. Chinese Influence on Japan • Writing • Architecture • Buddhism

  4. Shinto • Ethnic religion unique to Japan • Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors • State religion; worship of the emperor • Coexistence with Buddhism

  5. African Kingdoms • Axum (Aksum) • Eastern Africa • Location near the Red Sea and the Nile River • Located in modern day Ethiopia • Only early African Kingdom that practiced Christianity

  6. West African Kingdoms • Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all located near the Niger River and Sahara Desert • Traded Gold and Salt along the Trans-Saharan trade routes • Timbuktu was center of learning • Islamic

  7. Zimbabwe • Located between the Limpopo and the Zambezi Rivers • City of “Great Zimbabwe” was the capital of a prosperous empire

  8. Mayan Civilization • Mexican & Central American Rain Forests • Chichen Itza – Major City • City States ruled by Kings • Polytheistic: Pyramids • Economy: Agriculture & Tribute from conquered people

  9. Aztec Civilization • Arid valley in central Mexico • Tenochtitlan – Major city • Ruled by an emperor • Polytheistic: Rituals, Pyramids • Economy: Agriculture, Tributes from conquered peoples

  10. Meso-American Achievements • Calendars • Math • Writing and other record-keeping systems QUIPO

  11. Rise of Nation States - England • William the Conqueror • Norman Conquest (French) • Battle of Hastings • Common Law started under Henry II • Magna Carta • Signed by King John • Limited King’s power • Hundred Years’ War • England vs. France • Defined England as a Nation • Evolution of Parliament

  12. Rise of Nation States - France • Hugh Capet • Established French throne in Paris • Expanded control over most of France • Hundred Years’ War • Helped define France as a nation • Joan of Arc • Message from God • Defeated English at Orleans • Unifying factor for French

  13. Rise of Nation States - Spain • Ferdinand & Isabella • “Reconquesta” • Unified Spain • Expelled the Moors and the Jews • Unified as a Catholic Nation • Charles V • Expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere

  14. Rise of Nation States - Russia • Ivan the Great • Refused to pay tribute to the Mongols • Centralized power in Moscow • Expanded the nation • Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar • The Orthodox Church influenced unification

  15. Key events of the Crusdades • Pope Urban’s Speech • Call to arms • Promised Salvation • Capture of Jerusalem • Founding of Crusader States • Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin • Sack of Constantinople by Western Crusaders

  16. Effects of the Crusades • Weakened the power of the Pope & Nobles • Strengthened the Monarch • Stimulated trade w/ the Middle East • Demand for new goods • Trade through Middle East and Mediterranean Sea • Legacy of bitterness between Jews, Christians, and Muslims • Weakened Byzantine Empire

  17. The Mongols • Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest • Destroyed cities and countrysides • Created an Empire

  18. Constantinople • Fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 • This ended the Byzantine Empire • Became the capital of the Ottoman Empire • Changed the name to Istanbul

  19. Impact of the Black Death(Bubonic Plague) • Population Decline • Reduction in Labor Force • Towns freed from Feudal Obligations • Decline in Church Influence • Disruption of Trade

  20. Renaissance in Italy • Medieval Art & Literature focused on the Church & Salvation • Renaissance Art & Literature focused on individuals and secular (worldly) matters, along with Christianity • Wealth of independent Italian City States through trade • Increase in Banking and Credit

  21. Art & Literature in Italy • Leonardo da Vinci • Mona Lisa • The Last Supper • Michaelangelo • David • Ceiling of the Sisten Chapel • Petrarch • Sonnets, humanist scholarship

  22. Humanism • Celebrated the Individual • Stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman Literature and Culture (Greco-Roman) • Supported by wealthy Patrons

  23. The Northern Renaissance • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas • Merged Humanist Ideals w/ Christianity • Moveable type printing press, productino and Sales of Books spread ideas and literacy • Johan Gutenberg • Gutenberg Bible

  24. Northern Renaissance Writers • Erasmus • The Praise of Folly (1511) • Sir Thomas More • Utopia (1516) • Northern Renaissance artists portrayed both religious and secular (worldly) subjects

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