Islamic Intellectual Theology Lesson 38

1. Islamic Intellectual TheologyLesson 38 The Appointed Leadership “IMAAMAT” The appointment of Imam Ali (s) Part One Did the Prophet (s) Appoint Imam Ali (as)? Edited: March 18, 2009 - BHD

2. Completion of Religion “GHADEER” يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِين • [Shakir 5:67] O Messenger! deliver what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do it not, then you have not delivered His message, and Allah will protect you from the people; surely Allah will not guide the unbelieving people. • http://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/ • http://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/incident.htm

3. The Message • This message is not related to the branches of religion because the Prophet (s) had already preached it. • It must be something related to the principles of religion. • The TAWHEED was conveyed • The NABOOWAT was conveyed. • The Attributes of God and His Justice was conveyed. • The ME’AAD was conveyed. • So the only principle was left was the commitment of the Muslims towards his successor.

4. If Message Was Not Preached • Either the entire message will not be accepted or the entire message will be insecure. • The history indicates that this announcement secured the entire efforts of the Prophet (s). • The hesitation was due to the option given to him by God. The Prophet (s) was looking for the best option, but in GHADEER it became compulsory to make the announcement.

5. Comments of Ayt. Nasir Makarim (MAP) • This verse indicates the importance of the announcement insofar that the non-believers became hopeless in their plots against Islam. • It has to do something with the USOOL of religion and not a branch of it. • All the principles were declared clearly except one; the issue of KHILAAFAT.

6. The KHUTBA of the Prophet (s) فبعد أن حمد الله تعالى واثنى عليه، ووعظ فأبلغ في الموعظة ونعى إلى الاُمة نفسه، قال: «أَيّها الناس إنّي قد دعيت ويوشك أن اُجيب وقد حان مني خفوق من بين أظهركم و إنّي تارك فيكم الثقلين كتاب الله وعترتي أهل بيتي فانظروا كيف تخلفوني فيهما فانّهما لن يفترقا حتى يردا عليّ الحوض. ثم قال: إنّ الله مولاي وأنا ولي كلّ مؤمن ومؤمنة. وأخذ بيد علي(عليه السلام) وقال: ألست أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم؟ قالوا: بلى يا رسول الله، فقال: «من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه(عليه السلام)(4) اللهم والِ من والاه وعادِ من عاداه واحب من احبّه وابغض من ابغضه وانصر من نصره واخذل من خذله وأدر الحقّ معه حيث دار»(5).

7. HADEETH of GHADEER ثم اخذ بيد علي فرفعها حتى رؤي بياض اباطهما وعرفه القوم اجمعون، فقال: ايها الناس من اولى الناس بالمؤمنين من انفسهم؟. قالوا: اللّه ورسوله اعلم. قال: ان اللّه مولاي، وانا مولى المؤمنين، وانا اولى بهم من انفسهم فمن كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، يقولها ثلاث مرات وفي لفظ احمد امام الحنابلة: اربع مرات ثم قال: اللهم وال من والاه، وعاد من عاداه، واحب من احبه، وابغض من ابغضه وانصر من نصره، واخذل من خذله، وادر الحق معه حيث دار، الا فليبلغ الشاهد الغائب. ثم لم يتفرقوا حتى نزل امين وحي اللّه بقوله: (اليوم اكملت لكم دينكم واتممت عليكم نعمتي) الاية. فقال رسول اللّه (ص): اللّه اكبر على اكمال الدين، واتمام النعمة، ورضا الرب برسالتي، والولاية لعلي من بعدي ». The word AWLA = Priority (Sheikh Jaf’ar Subhani - ILAHIYAAT)

8. Greetings of the Companions ثم طفق القوم يهنئون امير المؤمنين صلوات اللّه عليه وممن هناه في مقدم الصحابة الشيخان: ابو بكر وعمر كل يقول: بخ بخ لك يا ابن ابي طالب اصبحت وامسيت مولاي ومولى كل مؤمن ومؤمنة. وقال ابن عباس: وجبت واللّه آفي اعناق القوم. فقال حسان: ائذن لي يا رسول اللّه ان اقول في علي ابياتا تسمعهن. فقال: قل على بركة اللّه.

9. Master of The Muslims • After a very eloquent speech. He (s) then called them to witness that he had faithfully discharged his duties. Then he asked them “Do I no have more authority over you then you yourselves have?” All of them cried out that he certainly had more right on them than they themselves had. The Prophet then said: “Of Whomsoever I am Master (Mawla), Ali is his Master (Mawla).” Then he lifted his hands to the skies and said: "Lord! Be friendly with the friends of Ali! Be an enemy to the enemies of Ali! Lord! Help the helpers of Ali!" When the ceremony was over the following verse of the Quran was revealed.

10. Perfection of the Religion • “This day I have perfected your religion and I have completed my bounty upon you and I have approved Islam as your religion.” (Shakir 5:3)Then he descended from the platform, wiped the sweat from his forehead, took a deep breath, stood still for a moment, and commanded the Muslims to, "Make allegiance to my brother and successor; congratulate him on his Divine appointment. He is Imam and Amir ul-Mumineen (Master of the Believers).

11. The Challenge of “HARITH son of NUMAAN” • He mention that: • He was a believer in God • He was a believer in the Prophet (s) • He offered SALAAT • He offered the ZAKAAT • He fasted the Holy Month of Ramadhan • He did the pilgrimage • But he was described as a KAFIR (disbeliever) because he rejected the authority of Imam Ali (as)

12. The One Who Asked for A Punishment سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ {1} لِّلْكَافِرينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ {2} • [Shakir 70:1] One demanding, demanded the chastisement which must befall • [Shakir 70:2] The unbelievers -- there is none to avert it

13. Completion of Religion “GHADEER” يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِين • [Shakir 5:67] O Messenger! deliver what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do it not, then you have not delivered His message, and Allah will protect you from the people; surely Allah will not guide the unbelieving people.

14. The Indication of KAFIR • The types of KUFR or denial or disbelief • In opposition to Islam such as a Hindu or Christian who disbelieves in Islam. • In opposition to denying essential parts of religion such as SALAAT and the WELAYAT of Imam Ali (as).