CARIBBEAN STUDES PAST PAPER REVIEW 2005 (SHORT PAPER)

1. CARIBBEAN STUDESPAST PAPER REVIEW2005(SHORT PAPER)

2. QUESTION 1 • Identify the geographical sub-region to which St Lucia, Grenada and Antigua belong.

3. RESPONSE • The Lesser Antilles

4. QUESTION 2 • Name the chain of islands in the Caribbean which is located entirely in the Atlantic Ocean.

5. RESPONSE • The Bahamas

6. QUESTION 3 • Explain what is meant by a ‘historical’ definition of the Caribbean region.

7. RESPONSE • This refers to the region that saw the impact of European colonization, slavery and indentureship.

8. QUESTION 4 • Identify Two of the boundaries of the ‘geological’ Caribbean.

9. RESPONSE • North – the line of the Greater Antilles • East – the line of the Lesser Antilles • South – a line through Trinidad, Northern Venezuela and Colombia • West – the Western or Pacific Coast of Central America.

10. QUESTION 5 • Outline Two different interpretations of the term ‘culture’.

11. RESPONSE • The ways of life of a people • The cultural habits of individuals

12. QUESTION 6 • List TWO ways in which the term ‘society’ can be defined.

13. RESPONSE • People having a shared common purpose • People occupying a defined territorial space • People occupying an area continuously over time • Citizens within a defined space

14. QUESTION 7 • List Two problems that may arise in Caribbean society because of hybridization.

15. RESPONSE • Hybridization can lead to the creation of new cultures, when two or more cultures come into contact with each other • Some races may assume a sense of superiority over others, based on the old plantation system and social stratification.

16. QUESTION 8 • Describe TWO responses of Caribbean people to oppression

17. RESPONSE • Creation of trade unions • Migration – intra- Caribbean or extra – regional • Crime and violence • Riots • Active resistance – disobedience, revolts, rebellions and revolutions

18. QUESTION 9 • Explain One way in which religion has impacted on Caribbean people.

19. RESPONSE • Religion was use as a means of retaining ancestral links • A factor in the expansion of education in Caribbean territories • A source of comfort or a source of empowerment while experiencing violence, oppression and genocide.

20. QUESTION 10 • Describe Two ways in which the Cuban residents in the United States impact on American politics

21. RESPONSE • They formed pressure groups to coerce Washington to continue to enforce the economic blockade against Cuba. • A large proportion of Cubans in Miami influence voting and governance in the US.

22. QUESTION 11 • Explain ONE way in which Caribbean migrant labour impacts on the economies of the countries of North America.

23. RESPONSE • Keeps wages at a minimum since they flood the labour market

24. QUESTION 12 • Explain what is meant by ‘development’.

25. RESPONSE • Development is the ability of a country to advance economically, measured by changes in its per capita income as well as by the human development index which includes life expectancy and educational attainment.

26. QUESTION 13 • List TWO indicators of development

27. RESPONSE • Levels of crime • Levels of investment

28. QUESTION 14 • Identify TWO factors that influence development.

29. RESPONSE • Distribution of wealth • Political ideologies • Gender equality • Natural disasters • Impact of the productive sector.

30. QUESTION 15 • Explain the term ‘globalisation’.

31. RESPONSE

32. QUESTION 16 • Identify ONE international organisation that facilitates globalisation.

33. RESPONSE • World Trade Organisation • The International Monetary Fund

34. QUESTION 17 • State ONE effect of globalisation on EACH of the following: 1. Labour 2. Trade 3. Ideology

35. RESPONSE Ideology: Benefits capitalist countries Can lead to cultural penetration by extra regional countries Facilitates the adoption and desire for first world lifestyles

36. QUESTION 18 • Identify TWO challenges faced by either CARIFTA or The West Indies Federation.

37. RESPONSE West Indies Federation: • Disputes over movement of people from one country to another • Leadership issues: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. • Wide disparity among members in terms of per capita income.

38. RESPONSE CARIFTA: • Unemployment rates and poverty • Leadership issues: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago • Inability to implement regional decisions • Federal government had no power.

39. QUESTION 19 • State how EACH of the following has contributed to development of the region. Caribbean Tourism Organisation University of the West Indies

40. RESPONSE Caribbean Tourism Organisation • Creation of a single voice in the international arena • Development and promotion of regional travel tourism programmes to and within the Caribbean • Provision of a sound body of knowledge through data collection, collation and research

41. RESPONSE University of the West Indies • Forum for regional integration • Training persons to work in both public and private sectors, for example, tertiary education • Providing regional research in tropical medicine and other fields.

42. QUESTION 20 • Explain the term ‘Pan Africanism’.

43. RESPONSE • Pan Africanism IS A philosophy based on the belief that African people and or people of African descent share common bonds and objectives. It advocates unity to achieve these objectives. There is also an understanding that Black power or unity among black people is part of the philosophy.

44. QUESTION 21 • Explain ONE way in which ‘pan – africanism’ has contributed to development of the region.

45. RESPONSE • Pan – Africanism has: • Created public awareness of the plight of blacks especially in the Caribbean and USA. • Fostered greater co operation internationally among blacks

46. QUESTION 22 • Explain the term ‘negritude’.

47. RESPONSE • A literary and ideological movement led by Francophone black intellectuals, lecturers, writers and politicians.

48. QUESTION 23 • Explain what is meant by ‘social justice’.

49. RESPONSE

50. QUESTION 24 • Explain One way in which development is affected by breaches in social justice.