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World War One

World War One. The War. The Balkans. The Balkans were known as the “Powder Keg of Europe” In 1912 Serbia in a effort to gain independence attacked the Ottoman Empire. The Serbs wanted control of Bosnia, however the Ottoman Empire had given Bosnia to Austria-Hungary. The Balkans.

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World War One

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  1. World War One The War

  2. The Balkans • The Balkans were known as the “Powder Keg of Europe” • In 1912 Serbia in a effort to gain independence attacked the Ottoman Empire. • The Serbs wanted control of Bosnia, however the Ottoman Empire had given Bosnia to Austria-Hungary.

  3. The Balkans • The Ottoman Empire was seen as not being able to control the Balkans. • The rest of Europe wanted the Balkans. • Russia • Austria-Hungary • The Serbs wanted the Austria-Hungarians out of Bosnia.

  4. The Balkans • With tension running high in the Balkans “any small spark was likely to lead to an explosion” • “The Powder Keg of Europe”

  5. The Balkans/The Spark • Archduke Francis Ferdinand • Was heir to the Austrian throne • On June 28, 1914 he was traveling in Sarajevo the capital of Bosnia. • Gavrilo Princip of a Slavic national movement that opposed Austrian rule assassinated the Archduke

  6. Who is to Blame • The assassination started a chain reaction in Europe which lead to the war. • After looking at the chain of events decide who was to blame for starting World War One.

  7. The Road to War • After the assassination Germany tells Austria-Hungary that they must punish Serbia for the assassination. • Germany pledges unconditional support to Austria-Hungary

  8. Road to War • July 23, 1914 • Austria-Hungary blames Serbia for the murder of the Archduke and his wife. • Austria-Hungary makes harsh demands on Serbia. • An end to all anti-Austrian activity. • An Austrian investigation of the assassination.

  9. Road to War • Serbia knows that if it does not agree to the demands then there will be war. • Serbia agrees to all but a few of the demands. • Wants to have the matter taken up in a international conference.

  10. Road to War • Austria-Hungary refuses to negotiate. • It rejects Serbia’s offers. • On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

  11. Road to War • Russia, a Slavic nations, vows to help Serbia and mobilizes troops on the Austrian-Hungarian boarder. • Russia also places troops on the boarder of Germany knowing Germany will come to the aid of Austria.

  12. Road to War • Germany sees Russia’s troop placement as an act of war and on August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia.

  13. Road to War • Germany knows that France is an ally of Russia and on August 3, 1914 declares war on France.

  14. The Schlieffen Plan • Germany knows that it can not fight a war on two fronts. • The Schlieffen Plan calls for Germany to attack France quickly, defeat the French and call an end to fighting. • Germany would then turn their army back towards the Russians.

  15. The Schlieffen Plan • The plan called for Germany being able to move their troops through neutral Belgium. • The Belgium’s refuses to let Germany’s army march through.

  16. War • On August 3, 1914 Germany invades Belgium so that German troops can move into France. • The German Army is unable to quickly move into France.

  17. War • Britain is outraged that Germany invaded neutral Belgium and on August 4, 1914 declares war on Germany.

  18. War • Western Front • Extended from Belgium, across northeast France to Switzerland. • Eastern Front • Ran from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. • Southern Front • Ran between Italy and Austria-Hungary. • Also included the Africa and the Middle East.

  19. Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary The Ottoman Empire Allied Powers Britain France Russia Italy first started as neutral but later joined the Allies. War

  20. Note Summery • Take five minutes, look over your notes and the on a separate sheet of paper label it “World War One, The War” and summarize your notes. • How did events in the Balkans spark the war? • Describe the chain of events that lead to the war. • What was Germany’s plan of attack and why did it fail? • Who took what sides during the war? • Describe the Western/Eastern.Southern Fronts.

  21. Class Work • Create your own graphic organizer to show the different countries and who was to blame for World War One. • After you finish the organizer write a concise one page journal on who was to blame for the start of World War One.

  22. Germany Felt it must stand behind Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Britain Who was to blame For World War One Russia France

  23. Homework • Study for the Quiz • Read pages 747-757 • Answer the following questions • Why was World war One called a total war? • What affect did unrestricted submarine warfare have in bringing the U.S. into the war?

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