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THE TRADE UNIONS Module 4

THE TRADE UNIONS Module 4. 1. What is Trade Union?. Dale Yoder,defines as ‘ a continuing long-term association of employees, formed and maintained for the specific purpose of advancing and protecting the interests of the members in their working relationships .’

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THE TRADE UNIONS Module 4

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  1. THE TRADE UNIONS Module 4

  2. 1. What is Trade Union? Dale Yoder,defines as ‘a continuing long-term association of employees, formed and maintained for the specific purpose of advancing and protecting the interests of the members in their working relationships.’ ‘Sec 2 (h) of the Indian Trade Unions Act 1926 defines Trade Union as any combination whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers, or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers’, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade union or business and includes any federation of two or more trade unions.

  3. 2. Characteristics of Trade Unions They may be an association of either the employers or employees or of independent workers They are relatively permanent combinations of workers rather than temporary or casual They are primarily engaged in securing economic benefits to their members They are economically oriented They are an instrument of defense Collective strength offers a sort of insurance cover to members fight against irrational ,arbitrary and illegal actions of employers

  4. Functions of trade Unions • Militant or protective or intramural functions • Fraternal or extramural functions • Political functions • Social Functions

  5. Functions of trade Unions • Militant or protective or intramural functions • Protecting the workers interests • Hike in wages • Providing more benefits • job security • Through the process of collective Bargaining • Or direct action like strikes,gheraos • Fraternal or extramural functions • Providing financial and non financial assistance during the crisis periods • Extension of medical facilities during slackness and casualties • Provision for education ,recreation,housing facilities • Provision for social and religious benefits

  6. Functions of trade Unions • Political functions • Seeking the help of political parties during the period of strikes and lockouts • Helping the political parties in enrolling the members • Collecting donations etc • Social Functions • Social service activities • Discharging social responsibility • Taking up individual and collective grievances

  7. Objectives of trade unions • Steady employment • Rationalisation of personnel policies • Voice in decisions affecting workers • Recognition and participation • Gaining legislative enactments • Miscellaneous services

  8. Why workers join unions? • Economic benefits • Platform for self expression • Check on arbitrary actions of management • Security • Employer employee relations • Sense of participation through collective bargaining • Sense of belongingness-peer effect • Background Factors

  9. History of unions in India • First workers organisation was the Bombay Millhands Association in the year 1890 by N M Lokhande himself a worker • Factories act 1891 was passed –attempts to organize labour in India • Periods of 1924 –1935 era of revolutionary trade union movement in India • Mahatma Gandhi led to the growth of non violent trend in nationalist struggle • Setting up of ILO In 1919 gave it an international colour • The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in 1920

  10. Contd…. • In 1926 Trade Unions Act gave legal status to the registered trade unions and conferred on them a measure of immunity from civil suits and criminal prosecution • An important landmark in the history of Trade union movement in India • All India Trade Union Federation(AITUF) was formed by moderate groups within the AITUC • Further splits happened to form the All India Red Trade Union Congress • Efforts to unify were made • All India Red Trade Union Congress merged with AITUC

  11. Contd….. • The industrial Disputes Act was formed in 1929 • Soon after independence and partition of India it adversely affected the the Indian Trade union movement in India • Socialists group formed the Hind Mazdoor Sabha in calcutta they neither approved AITUC nor INTUC • The united Trade union congress was formed in 1949 by members who could not agree with the principles and Objectives of the HMS

  12. The current scenario • Huge multiplicity of unions • 75 % of the unions now are with Members less than 500 • Membership with more than 200 members constitute only 4% of the total unions • Politicization of trade unions rather than clinging to goal of collective bargaining and negotiation with the management • Outside leadership in Trade unions – professional politicians and lawyers involving .

  13. Trade unions in India • As of 2008, there are 11 Central Trade Union Organisations (CTUO) recognised by the Ministry of Labour. (Political affiliation in brackets). • All India Central Council of Trade Unions (Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation) • All India Trade Union Congress (Communist Party of India) • All India United Trade Union Centre (Socialist Unity Centre of India)

  14. Contd ….. • Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) • Centre for Indian Trade Unions (Communist Party of India (Marxist)) • Hind Mazdoor Sabha (socialists) • Indian National Trade Union Congress (Indian National Congress) • Labour Progressive Federation (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) • SEWA • Trade Union Coordination Committee (All India Forward Bloc) • United Trade Union Congress (Revolutionary Socialist Party)

  15. Largest unions in India • Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh : 6.2 million 5768 unions affiliated • Indian National Trade Union Congress : 3.9 million • Centre for Indian Trade Unions : 3.2 million • All India Trade Union Congress : 2.7 million

  16. Problems of trade Union Movement in India Trade unionism in India is not very sound as they face a lot of problems • Uneven growth • Low membership • Outside leadership • Multiplicity of unions • Inter union rivalry • Absence of paid office bearers • Weak financial position • Subscription dues unpaid • Lack of interest • Limited stress on welfare

  17. Measures for strengthening of Trade unions • Development of a strong base • One Union in one industry • Elimination of political influence • Development of internal leadership • Paid union officials • Financial stability • Expansion of union activities • Recognition of trade union activities

  18. The Trade Unions Act 1926 • Registration of trade Unions • Legal status of trade unions • Rights and privileges of trade union • Duties and liabilities of trade union

  19. The Trade Unions Act 1926 • Registration of trade Unions • Any seven or more members can apply for registration of the trade union • Legal status of trade unions • It becomes a body corporate • Perpetual succession and common seal • Acquire and hold movable and immovable property • Enter into contracts with others • It can sue and be sued in its registered name

  20. The Trade Unions Act 1926 • Rights and privileges of trade union • Maintain separate fund for political purposes • Enjoys immunity from civil siuts and conspiracy • Right to amalgamate or form federation of unions • Right to inspect books

  21. The Trade Unions Act 1926 • Duties and liabilities of trade union • Change in the registered office • Objects on which general funds may be spent • Political fund –constitute one fund to be used for political purpose • Proportion of office bearers to be connected with the industry • Dissolution • Disqualification of office bearers of trade union

  22. Reference • Industrial Relations ;Emerging Paradigms ;B D Singh • Industrial Relations;Concepts and Issues- T N Chhabra &R K Suri

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