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The Smart Grid and Power Quality

The Smart Grid and Power Quality. Terry Chandler Power Quality Inc, USA Power Quality Thailand LTD Sept 2009. Definitions. A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers modernization of both the transmission and distribution grids. http://en.wikipedia.org

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The Smart Grid and Power Quality

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  1. The Smart Grid and Power Quality Terry Chandler Power Quality Inc, USA Power Quality Thailand LTD Sept 2009 www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  2. Definitions • A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers modernization of both the transmission and distribution grids. http://en.wikipedia.org • Smart Grid is a new industry being built around the modernization of the electrical grid, green power generation and more efficient usage of electrical power. • Terry Chandler, Power Quality Inc Aug 2009 www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  3. NIST SmartGrid Conceptual model www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  4. Taxonomy of SmartGrid ( the practice and science of classification) Compliments of GTW Research www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  5. Why do we need SmartGrid? www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  6. Andy Tang, an executive at the PG&E utility in California, “ Smart Grid is not a thing or a specific project. It is about how the utilities leverage technology to enhance their entire portfolio of business processes.” www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  7. What is Power Quality? • The characteristics of the supply voltage and the electrical system that affect the performance of the load • The characteristics of the load that affect the electrical system or other loads.. • Terry Chandler PQI 1995 www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  8. June of 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy list for Smart Grid • 1 Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency. • 2 Accommodate all generation and storage options. • 3 Provide power quality for the range of needs in a digital economy. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  9. PQ/PR issues for Utility side • Voltage stability • Voltage sags • From transmission • From Distribution • From other loads • Voltage transients • Lightning • Switching grid • Power Factor Capacitor switching • Voltage imbalance/unbalance • Frequency • Phase shifts www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  10. Utility PQ issues II • Harmonics (Voltage) • Non-linear loads • Saturated transformers • System impedance • Interharmonics • Flicker • Varying loads • Varying voltage www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  11. Power Quality parameters User Side • Voltage, Sag and surges, micro-outages • Sine wave waveshape, transients • Voltage imbalance • Harmonics • Electrical system design and construction. • Grounding www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  12. What is driving the SmartGrid ? • Growing Energy Demand • Energy Security • GHG Reduction (Green House Gas) • Economic Growth (Business opportunities) • Policy and Regulation (Government direction) • Technology Advancement • Increased Efficiency Through Grid Optimization • Economic stimulus investment • Digital economy power quality www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  13. The Smart grid utilizes technology in three important ways: • 1) Automating the grid to harden it and make it less costly to operate. • 2) Integrating the electric grid to create an end-to-end network for quickly acquiring and transporting data from millions of end points • 3) Expanding the value of the grid beyond typical utility needs to support new services and new markets offered by energy retailers. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  14. Event Avoidance to improve PR/PQ • Remote load profiling/management • Automatic Grid event diagnostics • Advanced data analysis • Grid condition sensing and predictive response www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  15. Self-Healing Grid (improve PR) • Improved asset management/visibility • Real-time grid condition monitoring • Automated grid switching to improve reliability and reduce risk of major blackouts. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  16. Self healing grid • Meters as a sensors for the SmartGrid • Transformer load management, near real time • Condition-based crew dispatching with Automatic Fault locating www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  17. Advanced Meter Infrastructure • Meters, Revenue, Grid monitors and PQMS • Meter interrogation • Meter with load connect/disconnect • Outage notification • Two-way communications with meters • Automated meters a critical role in the Smart Grid architecture as sensing devices. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  18. Modern Grid Team 2006 “Reliable with quality” • Safe • Secure • Economic • Efficient • Environmentally friendly www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  19. Comparison Current Grid to Smart Grid www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  20. Today’s Grid vs Smart Grid www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  21. Compare the reliability Fixed line telephony www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  22. How will Smart Grid affect Power Quality • Frequent switching of the grid will • Significant increase of switching transients (until solid state switching devices are used) • Sensitive loads will experience an increase in transients • Voltage imbalance/unbalance will change with switching alternate sources www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  23. Harmonics affected by Smart Grid • Voltage Harmonic levels • Voltage distortion is a function of Harmonic load current and the source impedance. • As the SmartGrid switches between sources it will change the source impedance. This will cause the Voltage distortion level to change when the Grid Switches. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  24. SmartGrid and voltage sags • Interconnection of distribution substations • Increases voltage sags incidents at that voltage level. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  25. PQ changes with SmartGrid www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  26. Conclusions Short term affects • As the grid changes from Hierarchal to network configuration the voltage sag incident will increase. • The Voltage harmonics will change frequently as the source impedance changes when the SmartGrid switching. • Voltage waveform transients will occur during the switching and can be sever if the new source is at a different phase angle than the existing source. www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  27. Conclusions Long Term • GridSwitching will become more sophisticated to switch only at zero crossing and when in phase. • Network design will change to reduce voltage sag depth and duration. • Short and medium term Power Quality will deteriorate • Long Term Power Quality should improve to existing levels or better www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  28. References • THE SMART GRID IN 2010: MARKET SEGMENTS, APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRY PLAYERS • DAVID J. LEEDS | GTM RESEARCH • http://www.leonardo-energy.org/what-definition-smart-grid • http://www.utilitiesproject.com/documents • http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/publish/article_177.html • www.Gridwise.org www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

  29. Thank You • Terryc@powerquality.org www.powerquality.org all rights reserve

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