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South/Southeast Asia & the Spread of Islam

South/Southeast Asia & the Spread of Islam. Chapter 7 Pg. 160-170. Spread of Islam to S . Asia. All previous invaders were assimilated into Indian culture until Islam Islam & Hinduism are virtually opposite religions. 1 st Muslim Invasions.

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South/Southeast Asia & the Spread of Islam

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  1. South/Southeast Asia & the Spread of Islam Chapter 7 Pg. 160-170

  2. Spread of Islam to S. Asia • All previous invaders were assimilated into Indian culture until Islam • Islam & Hinduism are virtually opposite religions

  3. 1st Muslim Invasions • 711 CE: first Muslim advance & interaction with India – little enduring change • Result of previously established trade links • Arabs welcomed

  4. Indian Influences on Islam • Islamic civ further advanced by contact with another advanced society: India • Math, particularly numerals • Science • Arts & customs

  5. 2nd Muslim Invasions • 962 CE: Mahmud of Ghazni begins raids • Focused in NW India • Drawn by wealth & desire to spread Islam • 1190 CE: Muhammad of Ghur transitions to campaign for political control • Extended control over northern & NE India • Delhi Sultanate formed

  6. Patterns of Conversion • Indians were predominantly converted by Sufi merchants & missionaries • Successful in NW India & Bengal among Buddhists & low-castes Patterns of Accommodation • Despite widespread business contacts, Muslims had little impact on Indian culture • Instead, Muslims adopted many aspects of Indian culture

  7. Islam vs. Hinduism • Islamic challenge: proselytizing, strong appeal • Hindu revival: emphasized bhakti movements w/ personal emotional devotion Stand-off • Islamic-Hindu similarities vigorously denounced by orthodox ulama & brahmans • However, India remained one of the least affected areas with vigorous contact

  8. Spread of Islam to SE Asia • SE Asia: land of trade & converging influence • Exposed to Islam as Arabs gained Indian Ocean dominance • Islam spread rapidly w/ fall of Buddhist Shrivijaya empire

  9. Trading Contacts & Conversion • Islam spread rapidly & peacefully through traders & Sufis • Port cities key vs. less receptive areas with established religion Sufis & SE Asian Islam • Sufis mystical approach allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptation • EX: women

  10. Global Connections • Islamic civ became great conduit during postclassical era, changing world as a result • Yet, division & orthodoxy allowed Islamic civilization to be increasingly exploited

  11. Questions • Assess the connection between Islam & commerce. • “O you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling the sum lent. Fear Allah, that you may really prosper.” (Quran) • “Give just measure & cause no loss to others by fraud. Weigh with scales true & upright. Withhold not things justly due to men.” (Quran) • “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, & righteousness leads to Paradise. Falsehood leads to wickedness, & wickedness leads to Hell.” (Hadith) • “Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat - equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot.” (Hadith)

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