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Anaerobic Digestion: Biomass to Bioenergy

Anaerobic Digestion: Biomass to Bioenergy. Douglas W. Hamilton, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Waste Management Specialist, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Anaerobic Digestion of Manure. Understanding Basic Processes. Digestion Process.

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Anaerobic Digestion: Biomass to Bioenergy

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  1. Anaerobic Digestion:Biomass to Bioenergy Douglas W. Hamilton, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Waste Management Specialist, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service

  2. Anaerobic Digestion of Manure • Understanding Basic Processes

  3. Digestion Process Biogas CH4 CO2 H2 NH3 H2S +

  4. Liquifiers Acid Formers Methane Formers

  5. Hydrolizers Acid Formers Methanogens

  6. Community Needs • Food • Proper pH • Sufficient Temperature • Sufficient Time to Reproduce • Absence of Inhibitory Substances

  7. Community Needs Proper pH : ~ 6.5 to 7.5

  8. Community Needs Sufficient Temperature Psychrophilic (15-25o C) Mesophilic (30-38o C) Thermophilic (50-60o C)

  9. Community Needs Sufficient time to reproduce

  10. HRT = Volume of Reactor/Flow out

  11. SRT = Solids in Reactor/Solids Leaving

  12. Anaerobic Digestion of Manure • Understanding Basic Processes • Types of Reactors

  13. Low Rate Reactor SRT = HRT

  14. High Rate Reactor SRT > HRT

  15. How much energy?

  16. Anaerobic Digestion of Manure • Understanding Basic Processes • Types of Reactors • Organic Matter of Wastewater and Manure • Methane Production Potential • Toxic and Inhibitory Materials

  17. Codigestion Mixing a highly digestible material with a source of microorganisms (manure) to produce a large volume of biogas.

  18. Methane Potential • Volatile Solids Content

  19. Combustion OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat

  20. Combustion TS FS OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat

  21. Combustion TS VS FS OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat

  22. Aerobic Catabolism OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat

  23. Aerobic Catabolism OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat Oxygen Demand

  24. Aerobic Catabolism OM + O2→ CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat Oxygen Demand COD BODu

  25. Methane Potential • Volatile Solids Content • COD

  26. Anaerobic Catabolism OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells

  27. Anaerobic Catabolism OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells Biogas

  28. Combustion OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat

  29. Combustion OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat Oxygen Demand

  30. Combustion CH4 +2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat Two moles O2 per mole CH4

  31. Combustion CH4 +2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat 2nOD = nCH4

  32. Combustion CH4 +2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat PV = nRT

  33. Combustion CH4 +2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat VCH4 = 2nODRT/P

  34. Ultimate Gas Yield CH4 +2O2→ CO2 + H2O + Heat 0.38 L CH4 produced per kg OD removed @ 20oC and 1 atm

  35. Methane Potential • Volatile Solids Content • COD • BMP

  36. BMP Biochemical Methane Potential www.bioprocess.com

  37. D.P. Chynoweth www.agen.ufl.edu

  38. Specific Methane Yield (L CH4 g-1 VS) D.P. Chynoweth www.agen.ufl.edu

  39. Community Needs • Food • Proper pH • Sufficient Temperature • Sufficient Time to Reproduce • Absence of Inhibitory Substances

  40. Methane Potential • Volatile Solids Content • COD • BMP • ATA

  41. ATA Anaerobic Toxicity Assay

  42. Inhibition (%) I = (1 - Pt/Pc) X 100 Where: Pc = gas produced 0% inclusion Pt = gas produced at test inclusion

  43. ATA Anaerobic Toxicity Assay

  44. Methane Potential • Volatile Solids Content • COD • BMP • ATA • Pilot Testing

  45. Pilot Scale Testing

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