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AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS

AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS. A Study on Changes in Specifications for Gasoline and Diesel Fuels in Thailand Daedalus LLC/ERM Siam. AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS. OZONE Daedalus LLC/ERM Siam. Overview. Objectives Data Accuracy and Completeness Frequency of Exceedances VOC and NOx Limitation

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AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS

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  1. AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS A Study on Changes in Specifications for Gasoline and Diesel Fuels in Thailand Daedalus LLC/ERM Siam

  2. AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS OZONE Daedalus LLC/ERM Siam

  3. Overview • Objectives • Data Accuracy and Completeness • Frequency of Exceedances • VOC and NOx Limitation • Weekday/Weekend Concentrations • Projections • Conclusions

  4. Objectives • Evaluate data quality • Describe frequency of exceedances • Determine where and when ozone formation is VOC or NOx limited • Compare weekdays and weekends • Project future ozone trends

  5. Data Accuracy/Completeness • O3, NOx, Co showed high data quality • Number of days with ozone data • 11 sites in 1997 had > 330 days • > 6 sites in 1998 had > 330 days • Incomplete ozone sampling may miss some exceedances

  6. Ozone Data Showed Consistency Among Sites: An Example of Exceedances on January 13, 1997 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 12 13 14 15 Date 09T 10T 12T 22T 23T Site

  7. Number of Days With Ozone Measurements 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 06T 09T 10T 11T 12T 13T 14T 20T 22T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T Site 1997 1998

  8. Frequency of High Ozone Values • Site maxima of 85 to 190 ppbv • 77 days over 100 ppbv in 1997 • 42 days over 100 pbbv in 1998 • Maximum number of days over 100 ppbv at one site was 26 at site 20T in 1997

  9. Frequency of Days With Ozone Exceeding 100 ppb in 1997 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 06T 09T 10T 11T 12T 13T 14T 20T 22T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T Sites

  10. Frequency of Days With Ozone Exceeding 100 ppb in 1998 25 20 15 10 5 0 09T 10T 11T 12T 13T 14T 20T 22T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T Sites Note: 20T had 98 sampling days

  11. Number of Days With Peak Ozone Over 100 ppbv January -March and October -December 1997 1580 Number Days Ozone > 100 ppb Jan - Mar and Oct - Dec 1997 B 0 to 5 1560 J 6 to 15 H 16 to 25 1540 Din Daeng (54T) Dept. Med Sci. (22T) H Rangsit (20T) H Nakhonpratom (23T) B Chaochai (53T) J EGAT Bang Karuy (13T) B Kongjan (10T) J B Salaya Mahidol (06T) B B J Ramkhamhaeng (09T) 1520 J B Thonburi Hwy Dist (14T) Electricity Thonburi (52T) J None-tree (12T) Huai Khwang Sport Center (11T) 1500 J Samut Sakhon (27T) 1480 600 620 640 660 680 700 UTME (km)

  12. Frequency of Days With Ozone Exceeding 100 ppb by Month 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month 1997 1998

  13. VOC and NOx Limitation • Most hours and sites VOC- limited • 8 sites strongly VOC- limited • 6 sites transitional • No sites strongly NOx- limited

  14. Number of Hours of VOC and NOx Limitation WhenOzone>100 ppb in 1997-1998 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 09T 10T 11T 12T 13T 14T 20T 22T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T SITE VOC Limited Transitional NOx Limited

  15. VOC or NOx Limitation of Peak Ozone Formation Five Highest Days Each Year at Each Site, 1997-98 1580 Mean Extent of Reaction High-Ozone Days, 1997-98 B < 0.4 1560 J 0.4 to 0.6 H 0.6 to 0.8 F > 0.8 1540 Din Daeng (54T) Dept. Med Sci. (22T) H Rangsit (20T) F Nakhonpratom (23T) H Chaochai (53T) J EGAT Bang Karuy (13T) B Kongjan (10T) H VOC limited J Salaya Mahidol (06T) J B H Ramkhamhaeng (09T) 1520 J B Thonburi Hwy Dist (14T) Electricity Thonburi (52T) J None-tree (12T) Transitional Huai Khwang Sport Center (11T) 1500 H Samut Sakhon (27T) 1480 600 620 640 660 680 700 UTME(km)

  16. Sunday Versus Weekday • Sunday NOx 23% lower than weekday • Sunday NMHC 26% lower than weekday • Sunday ozone 5 - 20 ppb lower than weekday

  17. Mean NOx Concentrations at Site 13T By Day of Week in 1997 and 1998 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT Day of Week 6-9 am 10am-1pm 2-5pm

  18. Percentage Decrease of Mean Sunday NOx Concentrations Compared With Mean Weekday Concentrations, 1997-98 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 01T 02T 03T 13T 14T 16T 17T 19T 22T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T Site Hours 6 to 9 Hours 10 to 13

  19. Percentage Decrease of Mean Sunday NMHC Concentrations Compared With Mean Weekday Concentrations, 1997-98 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 05T 13T 14T 23T 27T 52T 53T 54T Site Hours 6 to 9 Hours 10 to 13

  20. Difference Between Mean Sunday Peak Ozone and Mean Weekday Peak Ozone Five Highest Days for Each Day of the Week per Year, 1997-98 1580 Mean Sunday Peak Ozone - Mean Weekday Peak Ozone High-Ozone Days, 1997-98 B 0 to 10 increase 1560 J 0 to 10 decrease H 10 to 20 decrease 1540 Din Daeng (54T) Dept. Med Sci. (22T) H Rangsit (20T) B Nakhonpratom (23T) J Chaochai (53T) H EGAT Bang Karuy (13T) H Kongjan (10T) H J Salaya Mahidol (06T) H J H Ramkhamhaeng (09T) 1520 J J Thonburi Hwy Dist (14T) Electricity Thonburi (52T) J None-tree (12T) Huai Khwang Sport Center (11T) 1500 J Samut Sakhon (27T) 1480 600 620 640 660 680 700 UTME (km)

  21. Projections for 2005 and 2010 • Emission Projections • 2005: 17% greater NOx; 7% lower HC • 2010: 30% greater NOx; 20% lower HC • Ozone is now usually VOC-limited • Implies future ozone 5- 10 ppbv lower at existing monitoring sites • Ozone may increase far downwind

  22. Conclusions • Frequent ozone days over 100 pbbv • VOC-limited most hours and sites • NOx, NMHC, O3 lowest on Sundays • Project lower ozone due to lower NMHC by 2010

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