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Some notes on proton delivery limitations

Some notes on proton delivery limitations. The complex produces beams for a variety of users using basic periods which are a multiple of 1.2 seconds. Each beam is made specifically for the given user and has different characteristics such as intensity, number of bunches, brightness etc.

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Some notes on proton delivery limitations

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  1. Some notes on proton delivery limitations

  2. The complex produces beams for a variety of users using basic periods which are a multiple of 1.2 seconds. Each beam is made specifically for the given user and has different characteristics such as intensity, number of bunches, brightness etc. These basic periods are arranged together to form an operational cycle for each machine of the complex which repeats. The length of this cycle is variable (here 48 seconds). This arrangement is made to optimize the beam delivery to the users. This operational cycle is modified regularly to try to meet the precise user requirements at the time. When the LHC is in filling mode the operational cycle is changed such that the SPS only provides beam to the LHC. All proton beams are produced first in the PS Booster. Generally ALL basic periods of the PS booster are used. This machine is the bottleneck – the next machine in the chain (the PS) often has empty periods because the beam cannot be provided by the PS booster. Changing the operational cycle to add a new physics user, or provide more beam for a specific user will necessarily take beam from the others.

  3. Distribution of beam production in the PS Booster by facility (based on the operational cycle shown). Typically used when not filling LHC During periods of LHC filling (for a few hours per day, around 15% time) No SPS Users, Little time for other users This varies from day-to-day • How much beam can be delivered to a specific facility is also limited by the other machines in the chain for that facility…. • For example the cycles delivering beam to CNGS occupy just 15% of the PS Booster production cycles, but 40% of the time in the SPS. • Specific example of the overall limitation for this year: n-TOF is a ‘new user’ • With the operational cycle shown we can deliver just 1/3 of the requested intensity to n-ToF during 2009 • Increasing this to 2/3 can only be achieved by reducing the beam delivered to DIRAC by 20% and ISOLDE by 5%

  4. Typical Intensities Delivered to the various users In most cases reducing the number of cycles delivered to a user cannot easily be compensated by higher intensities in the cycle. Most users have a limit which either comes from the experiment itself, or the machines delivering the beam. The limitations in the machines often come from the special characteristics of the beam – for example the very short bunch length for nTOF.

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