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Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics. First Law of Thermodynamics. Review of van der Waals Critical Values. van der Waals Results. van der Waals Results. Configuration Work. đ W = PdV Gas, Liquid, Solid: . Kinds of Processes. Often, something is held constant. Examples:

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Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

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  1. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics First Law of Thermodynamics

  2. Review of van der Waals Critical Values Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  3. van der Waals Results Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  4. van der Waals Results Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  5. Configuration Work • đW = PdV • Gas, Liquid, Solid: Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  6. Kinds of Processes Often, something is held constant. Examples: dV = 0 isochoric or isovolumic process dQ = 0 adiabatic process dP = 0 isobaric process dT = 0 isothermal process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  7. Work done by a gas đW = PdV For isochoric process dV = 0, so W = 0 For isobaric process dP = 0, so W = PDV Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  8. Work done by a gas Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  9. Work done by an ideal gas For isothermal process dT = 0, so T = constant. Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  10. Isothermal Process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  11. Heat Capacity • Heat capacity measures the amount of heat that must be added to a system to increase its temperature by a given amount. Its definition: • where y is a property of the system that is kept constant as heat is added. Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  12. Heat Capacity • Properties that are usually kept constant for a hydrostatic system are volume or pressure. Then, Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  13. Heat Capacity • Clearly, the heat capacity depends on the size of the system under consideration. To get rid of that effect, and have a heat capacity that depends only on the properties of the substance being studied, two other quantities are defined: specific heat capacity, and molar heat capacity. Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  14. Specific Heat Capacity • Specific heat capacity is the heat capacity per mass of the system. A lower case letter is used to represent the specific heat capacity. Then, if m is the mass of the system, Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  15. Molar Heat Capacity • Molar heat capacity is the heat capacity per mole of the system. A lower case letter is used to represent the molar heat capacity. Then, if there are n moles in the system, Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  16. Shorter Version Use heat per mass. Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  17. cP – cV đq = du + Pdv where u(T,v) Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  18. Constant Volume Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  19. Constant Pressure Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  20. Ideal Gas u is not a function of v. Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  21. Adiabatic Process • For an ideal gas, and most real gasses, • đQ = dU + PdV • đQ = CVdT + PdV,. • Then, when đQ = 0, Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  22. Adiabatic Process For an ideal gas, PV=nRT, so Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  23. Adiabatic Process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  24. Adiabatic Process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  25. Adiabatic Process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  26. Adiabatic Process Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

  27. gfor “Ideal Gasses” Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 3

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