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The Cell

The Cell. Discovery:. The Cell. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Animalcules. “Corks” - Cells. Robert Hooke. Nucleus. Robert Brown. Mathias Schleiden. Role of nucleus in cell reproduction. Cell Variations. Theodor Schwann. Cells were produced from pre-existing cells. Rudolf Virchow.

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell

  2. Discovery: The Cell

  3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Animalcules “Corks” - Cells Robert Hooke Nucleus Robert Brown Mathias Schleiden Role of nucleus in cell reproduction Cell Variations Theodor Schwann Cells were produced from pre-existing cells Rudolf Virchow

  4. Cell Theory • All living things are composed cells • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things • All cells come from pre – existing cells (Virchow)

  5. Types The Cell:

  6. Prokaryotic Cell No defined nucleus No nuclear membrane No membrane-bounded organelles

  7. Eukaryotic Cell Has defined nucleus Has nuclear membrane Has membrane-bounded organelles

  8. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes absent present present Not defined absent present present present absent present

  9. Variations The Cell:

  10. Cell Differentiation • The process of change in shape, size and internal structures

  11. NERVE CELL (Neuron) - is needed for the transmission of messages for the brain to to function *dendrites – receive impulses *axon – transmit impulses

  12. EGG and SPERM CELLS – involved in the transmission of traits to offspring. It carries genetic informations.

  13. RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) - for transport of oxygen from the lungs to the different organs of the body - contains hemoglobin *heme (iron) *globin (protein)

  14. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) – to protect the body against invading pathogens *lymphocytes

  15. MUSCLE CELLS - for muscle contraction or movement of the muscles - contains actin & myosin

  16. Organization The Cell:

  17. Levels of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

  18. Structure The Cell:

  19. Cells may differ in: • sizes • shapes • according to the functions which they perform

  20. Cells are similar in: • structure and composition of the protoplasm: 1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus (Nucleoplasm)

  21. Cell Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

  22. 1. Cell Membrane • protection surrounding the cytoplasm

  23. 2. Cytoplasm • the region where the main metabolic life activities take place

  24. 3. Nucleus • region where the genetic material is located

  25. Typical Animal Cell

  26. Typical Plant Cell

  27. Parts and their functions The Cell:

  28. Microscope helps us see the minute parts of the cell

  29. 1. Cell Membrane

  30. other names • composition plasma membrane plasmalemma two layers of phospholipids with scattered proteins and carbohydrates

  31. characteristic very flexible allowing cell to change its shape when needed • functions covers and protects the cell

  32. 2. Cytoplasm Site of the metabolic processes of the cell

  33. Organelles

  34. a. Mitochondria Double membraned “Powerhouse” of the cell

  35. b. Plastids Encloses chlorophyll and site of photosynthesis

  36. c. Ribosomes Manufacturers of proteins

  37. d. Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of canals for protein transport

  38. e. Golgi Apparatus Modifies proteins produced by the ribosomes

  39. f. Vesicles Transports substances in and out of the cell

  40. g. Vacuoles Storage of food

  41. h. Lysosomes Eliminates foreign objects Digests macro molecules

  42. i. Cytoskeleton Micro- filaments

  43. Centrioles

  44. 3. Nucleus Brain of the cell

  45. 8 9 10 11 12 13

  46. Vesicle 8 Mitochondrion Vacuole Golgi Bodies Lysosomes 9 Nucleolus Rough ER Nucleus Smooth ER 10 Centrioles Microtubules 11 Cytoplasm 12 13 free ribosomes

  47. C A D E J G B H F M I K N L

  48. Cell wall C Lysosomes A Plasma membrane D Ribosomes E J Golgi Body G Plastid Smooth ER B H Plasmalemma F Nucleolus Nucleus M Rough ER I Vacuole K Mitochondrion N Cytoplasm L

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