“ETHICS, SYSTEM OPTIMAL, EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITY SPORTS” Orhan Güvenen 1 Invited Speaker

1. Winter Universiade 2011International University Sports Federation (FISU) Conference January 24-27, 2011, ErzurumAtatürk University “ETHICS, SYSTEM OPTIMAL, EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITY SPORTS” Orhan Güvenen1 Invited Speaker gorhan@bilkent.edu.tr www.dsee.bilkent.edu.tr [1] Bilkent University, Professor of Strategic Decision Systems, Econometrics and International Economics, Director of the Institute of World Systems, Economies And Strategic Research (DSEE), Chairman of the Accounting Information Systems Department, Member of the Executive Board and Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Strategy, Economy and Industry of the “National Research Center of Material Science and Nanotechnology – UNAM”, Invited Professor of the University of Paris-Pantheon, President of “Applied Econometrics Association”.

2. Abstract: • Ethics is a necessary condition for any system optimal at the individual, institutional, corporation, national states and international sphere levels. • For education, university sports and sports in general ethics is equally a necessary condition of system optimal.

3. Keywords: • System optimal • Ethics • Education • University Sports

4. ETHICS, SYSTEM OPTIMAL, EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITY SPORTS • I. SYSTEM OPTIMAL AND ETHICS • Theorem : Set Optimal ≠ Σ subsets’ optima • Theorem 1996 : Set Optimal = α0 + α1 x1 + α2 x2 + α3 x3 + ... + ε • The constant “α0 “ represents ethics whether at individual,corportate, institutional, nation state, transnational corporations, international organisations and international sphere levels.

5. In the realization of any set optimal all explanatory variables may change through time and space dynamics. The necessary condition is that ethics (α0) must remain constant. If this condition is not satisfied, the system will be under optimal.

6. In the context of university sports and sports in general, even if all conditions are efficiently and accurately fulfilled, the biased created at the ethical values will keep the system in under optimal. Through the above mentioned considerations we need to underline the dominant and necessary condition of the role of ethics, ethical values in sports and university sports.

7. In the search of power, humans created institutions throughout the history. In terms of decision systems the following institutions can be considered as the most influential ones: international sphere, nation states, international organizations, transnational companies and corporations, non-governmental organizations and the individual which represents the core of socio-economic systems. The individual remains the core and the “initial signal” provider of the system. • The ethical efficiency of sports and university sports is extremely important to the society by giving a positive example to the human behavior and its way of living. Welfare conditions of the whole world are determined by the mutual complex interactions of the above mentioned institutions through competition, cooperation and complementarity.

8. In 2011, we live in a world driven by power and power of money imposed socio-economic systems (System 2). The mentioned approach cannot create a sustainable world system. • We need to move to a normative system (System 1) driven by science, education, technology, innovation, ethics, values systems, culture and global consciousness which should be the input of decision systems. In the realization of this System 2, the contribution of sports and university sports are important explanatory variables.

9. II. ETHICS AS A CONSTANT IN SPORTS, SCIENCE, EDUCATION • Making “ethics and value systems” endogenous to the decision system analysis is a necessary condition. Discrepancies created by access to value systems, education, accountability, transparency creates high alternative cost in research and decision making.

10. The valued added provided in life and sports by science, transdisciplinarity, decision analysis have the meaning only with the complementarity of values, ethics and responsibility. • The individuals’ basic instinct converges to survival and search for a “power driven system” behavior.

11. III. THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN SPORTS’ ETHICS • The existing education structure generally is based on “department” system. “Department” dominantly transmits an education of subset and partial analysis. It does not provide the methodology of linking subsets with the set structures. This creates in the medium-long term; mechanistic, short-termist approaches in the society. • It is a fact that, the alternative costs of this approach are observed in the 20th century. 21st century science, research, analysis requires transdisciplinary methodology in order to deal with high complexities and provide feasible solutions.

12. Transdisciplinarity is different from the “interdisciplinary” and “pluridisciplinarity”. Transdisciplinarity science methodology targets the problem to be solved. Various science disciplines contributes through continuous iterations, complementarily tries to understand each discipline’s interpretation of the problem. Their approach is not to make synthesis given by each discipline and aggregate.

13. The convergence of the knowledge through iterations and complementarity is directly converged to the defined problem target. It is the methodological capacity to create interactions with various disciplines in science, art, culture, sports, life, e.g. in order to understand and solve, interpret and act on complex problems. • In that context the endogenization of ethics and sports ethics to education and transdisciplinary science methodology is a necessary condition.

14. IV. ETHICS AS A CONSTANT IN INFORMATION AND DECISION SYSTEMS LINKED TO UNIVERSITY SPORTS AND SPORTS • “Information Technologies” creates a base for “Decision Support Systems”. The effectiveness and reliability of the decisions depend on: quantity, accuracy, timing, quality, credibility of the information that prevails in the system. • The 21st century science requires the endogenization of transdisciplinarity in research application and decision making including sports ethics. Equally medium – long term strategies and strategic anticipation analysis are key factors in that context.

15. The “normative” explanatory variables of solution provider decision systems can be mentioned as follow: • Fuzziness • Transparency • Accountability • Ethics, value systems • Responsibility • National and global consciousness • World awareness • Peace • Justice - Law State • International Justice and Law • Participatory Democracy • Economy and society welfare • Culture and science

16. Knowledge generates opportunity and power. It requires “ethics”, “responsibility” and “accountability” for optimal decision systems. Making “ethics and value systems” endogenous to the decision system analysis is a necessary condition. Discrepancies created by access to knowledge and technology, information distortions creates high alternative costs in research and decision making.

17. In “University Sports”, the practices have goals of excellence; they relate dominantly, the virtues of durable structures. The value of “University Sports” remains important both in playing and watching. • Fair play, sporting behavior, cultivation of moral attitudes impact to the development of ethical norms must be endogenous to sport and to the “University Sports” in terms of realizing ethical values and contributing to peace and humanity, well being at the world level.

18. V. PEACE, HUMANITY, WELL BEING AND MINIMIZING ERROR MARGINS IN DECISION SYSTEMS, ETHICS AND ETHICAL VALUES APPLICATIONS • In research and decision systems, in a non-negligible way, data, information level, statistics are used without a systematic evaluation of the information distortions and error margins. The alternative costs and misunderstanding that is caused, is an important fact that has to be considered carefully in the national and global scope.

19. “Hermeneutics” is a fundamental rule in science methodology. The initial source, the initial signals may avoid in the time and space dynamics, high negative impacts and alternative costs that may occur. • “Information pollution” is an important topic as environmental pollution, and it has to be considered and resolved sensibly.

20. Globalization is one of the most important socio-economic phenomena of the recent decades. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are the explanatory variables of the globalization. ICT made it possible to make in real time financial transactions in the world financial markets. The amount of money daily processed in the global financial markets, on the average, is 3 trillion U.S. dollars. However, the system is not fully protected against the effects of informationdistortion. That is why financial scandals based on information distortion are observed. Neither an effective or economic legal regulatory system does not exist at the global level.