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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492. Motives for European Exploration. Crusades and later Ottoman invasion  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples.

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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

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  1. The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

  2. A Map of the Known World,pre- 1492

  3. Motives for European Exploration Crusades and later Ottoman invasion  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. Reformation  refugees & missionaries. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. Technological advances. Fame and fortune.

  4. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  5. New Weapons Technology

  6. Prince Henry, the Navigator • School for Navigation, 1419

  7. Portuguese Maritime Empire • Exploring the west coast of Africa. • Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. • Vasco da Gama, 1498. • Calicut.

  8. Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kmwriy3a6sc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8waBR2Hpsgk

  10. Columbus’ Four Voyages

  11. Other Voyages of Exploration

  12. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c

  13. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

  14. Maya

  15. Aztec

  16. Inca

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDfO6L5_OlQ

  18. The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II

  19. How was conquest achieved? • Disease • Technology/warfare strategies • Alliances • End of the world predicted and initial friendly welcome.

  20. How was conquest achieved? • Disease: small pox, 2/3 dead • Europeans domesticated and lived among their animals. Chickens: influenza, horses: smallpox

  21. Technology

  22. Division among the people

  23. End of the world predicted

  24. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

  25. Other Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  26. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores OfficialEuropeanColony! Missionaries PermanentSettlers

  27. European Empires in the Americas

  28. The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

  29. Encomienda System and peonage • Monopoly created with mercantilism

  30. Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??

  31. The “Columbian Exchange”

  32. Treasuresfrom the Americas!

  33. But maybe most important was the potato which fed ½ the people in Europe allowing population to grow and states to stabilize. • However when using Chinese slaves to collect guano off of Peru for fertilizer they brought over the potato blight which causes devastation. Example: Still fewer people in Ireland today than before the famine which struck in 1845.

  34. The Slave Trade • Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. • Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. • Sugar cane & sugar plantations. • First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. • 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries. • Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

  35. Latin Americans had not made good slaves as they were dying from disease and escaping. Also some laws passed from Catholic monarchs that slavery was immoral except in the case of Africans. • Africans had immunities to malaria that had built up over the years of exposure.

  36. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542, ignored and led to more African slavery

  37. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

  38. Slave Ship “Middle Passage”

  39. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

  40. African CaptivesThrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

  41. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

  42. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission

  43. Church was complicit in oppression and conquering lands

  44. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

  45. New Colonial Rivals • Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. • Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. • First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. • Surat in NW India in 1608. • Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

  46. New Colonial Rivals

  47. Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease and slavery. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”] Deepened colonial rivalries and belief in mercantilism.

  48. 5. New Patterns of World Trade

  49. http://flocabulary.com/conquistadors-and-slavery/

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