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Industrial Revolution. LT: I can describe the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted the transformation of industries today. Key Takeaways (things to take notes on):. What is the Industrial Revolution? Where and when did it start? Where and how did it diffuse?
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Industrial Revolution LT:I can describe the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted the transformation of industries today.
Key Takeaways (things to take notes on): • What is the Industrial Revolution? • Where and when did it start? • Where and how did it diffuse? • What were the key developments? (There will be 4!) • What were the effects? (There will be 6!) • What is the Industrial Revolution? • Where and when did it start? • Where and how did it diffuse? • What were the key developments? (There will be 4!) • What were the effects? (There will be 6!)
Pre-Industrialization People had made goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution. • Things were made SLOWLY and all BY HAND.(low productivity) • WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality goods. • Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH
The Industrial Revolution A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. Birthplace: Great Britain Why did it begin in Great Britain? • CAPITALIST system • Higher education than most countries at this time • Advancements like Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) improved productivity on farms, so less people had to work on the farms
Industrial Revolution (continued) • For the first time in history: • Things were made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine • Workers handled one specific task • Large quantities of goods were produced (MASS production) • FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards • products decrease in prices due to competition
Early Diffusion • EASTWARD to Belgium, France, and Germany in the early 1800s • Diffused to the US in the early 1800s • 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by 1811. • By Civil War, US was world’s 2nd largest power. • Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s Diffused quickly because of advanced transportation systems!
Key Developments • James Watt patents the STEAM ENGINE in 1769 • WOOD replaces running water as source of energy. • CHANGES location of machinery It was located by running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. • Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more flexibility)
Other industries arise from IRON industry. • Wood becomes scarce • factories move to coal fields • Growing need to transport coal and iron • Rise of RAILROADS • Easy transportation of goods & people across country
Rise of TEXTILE industry: • COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine) • THREAD woven into cloth with power looms in large factories.
Effects of the Industrial Revolution • ECONOMIC: • More goods at lower prices, due to mass production • SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities. Growth of inner cities. • Urban pollution • Canned food (encourages a new industry) • Reduced availability of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont. • POLITICAL: Surplus in labor • Mistreated workers (rise of labor unions) • Child Labor laws • Safety Regulation laws • liberalism and communism become more popular
Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont. • TECHNOLOGY & TRANSPORTATION • Railroads & canals helped to diffuse the IR • enabled factories to attract many workers • easier to ship goods to consumers • made it easier to bring in bulk raw materials like iron & coal • Growth of trade • Rise in immigration (easier to transport people)
Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont. • AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution • Increased productivity • Use of machinery - Time saving devices (ex: plow) • Rise in larger farms - enclosures
Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont. • DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.