The Growth of Democracy in England:

1. The Growth of Democracy in England:

2. 3-2-1 • Three Things that really interest me (Facts) • Two Things “I’d like to know more about” (Questions) • One “Big Idea from today” (Theme or large concept)

3. Constitutionalism: What’s My Question?

4. A social contract between the rulers and the ruled.

5. What is the goal of constitutionalism?

6. William the Conqueror (1066 – 1087)

7. The Battle of Hastings:

8. Henry II (1154 - 1189) • Plantagenet Dynasty • Established Common Law. • Judicial decisions based on precedents.

9. King John (1199 - 1216) • England’s Worst King • Defeated in Battle by French. • Magna Carta, “Great Charter”.

10. “No person shall . . . Be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law and the sixth states. . . . The accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury.”

11. "Model Parliament” 1295

12. Model Parliament. • King cannot tax anyone without the consent of the Parliament. • Parliament began to include the middle class (House of Lords and Commons.) • “Controls the Power of the Purse.

13. The Tudor Dynasty

14. Henry VII (1485-1509)

15. Henry VIII (1509 - 1547)

17. Edward VI (1547 – 1552)

18. Lady Jane Grey “The Nine Days Queen”

19. Mary I “Bloody Mary” (1153 – 1558)

20. Elizabeth I (1558 – 1608)

21. Troubles with Mary Queen of Scots • Married to the heir of the French crown. • Alliance between French and Scots. • Abdicated in 1567. • Executed by Elizabeth in 1587.

22. The Conflict with Spain • Originated from trading interests. • Revolt of the Netherlands. • England’s commercial interests. • 1588 assembled the Armada

23. Elizabethan Church • Act of Supremacy • Passed Act of Uniformity in 1559 • 39 Articles

24. 3-2-1 • Three Things that really interest me (Facts) • Two Things “I’d like to know more about” (Questions) • One “Big Idea from today” (Theme or large concept)

25. England begins to lay the foundations for a constitutional, parliamentary system.

26. A conception of sovereignty rooted in law and lodged in the hands of an assembly that represented the community.

27. The Tudor Legacy • Tudor monarchs needed the parliament to combat the church and the Spanish threat. • Both agreed that parliament makes laws and issues taxes, the monarchy guides policy.

28. Objectives • Identify the fundamental friction between the monarchy and the parliament • Analyze the events that led to the supremacy of constitutionalism.

29. James I (1603 - 1625) • Son of Mary Queen of Scots. • Sought peace with Spain. • Toleration of Catholic minority. • Union of England and Scotland.

30. James’ Poor Leadership: • Believed in a strong monarchy • Crown and Parliament clashed over money, religion, and policy. • Parliament wanted to purify Anglicanism • Too friendly with Catholic Spain.

31. Charles I (1625 - 1649)

32. The Argument of Ship Money: • Medieval custom, coastal towns provide ships in time of war. • Charles I wished to maintain a navy in time of peace • John Hampden lost his case in court.

33. Charles I’s Reign • Difficulty getting funds from Parliament led to the Petition of Rights (1628) • Define the rights of Parliament as inalienable and condemned arbitrary arrest, martial law, and taxes imposed without Parliaments consent.

34. Charles I and Parliament Clash: • Charles dissolves Parliament in 1629 - 1640. • Devised new methods of taxation that did not require parliament. • Began attacking Protestantism.

35. The Long Parliament(1640 - 1653) • Arch Bishop of Canterbury, William Laud. • Attempted to force Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland. • Needed to call Parliament to raise an army.

37. Causes of the English Civil War • Charles surrounded himself with Catholics • Supporters of Parliament became known as supporters of Country; supporters of the monarchy were identified with the Court.

38. The Puritan Revolution • Charles I attempts a coup 1642. • Supporters of Parliament became known as Roundheads. • Supporters of the king became known as cavaliers. • Parliament eventually led by Oliver Cromwell.

39. Oliver Cromwell

40. Oliver Cromwell • Combining three existing armies, Parliament created the New Model Army in 1645. • Ruled as Lord Protector, through representative bodies devised by himself • He mixed moral Puritanism and political dictatorship.

41. The Puritan Republic • Pride’s Purge created a Rump Parliament, with only 1/5 of it’s members • Appointed a high court to try the king on high treason • Charles I was executed in Whitehall on January 30, 1649

42. Puritan Republic • Crushed Irish rebellion (1649) • Act Settlement of 1652 • Cromwell defeated the Scots • Cromwell ends Long Parliament • Instrument of Government (1653) • Military dictatorship

43. The Navigation Acts: (1651 - 1673) • By 1686, almost half of the English ships were trading with India or America. • Aggressive foreign policy support commerce. • The Navigation Acts, all goods transported in English ships.

44. Religious Dissenters:The Levellers: • John Lilburne and the Levellers. political democrats. • Universal manhood suffrage, equality of representation, a written constitution, and subordination of Parliament.

45. The Quakers: • George Fox and the Quakers. • Also known as the Society of Friends. • Persecuted and imprisoned where many died.

46. The Legacy of the English Revolution

47. Englishmen • Fear of to great a concentration of power. • Deepened respect for government by law. • Reverence for Parliament. • Distaste for strong standing armies.

48. The Leviathan

49. Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679) • The Leviathan becomes the greatest proponent of absolutism and unlimited sovereignty.

50. Without some authority to enforce law, society would disintegrate into a war with every man against every man. • Social Contract: Society needs to obey the sovereign because the sovereign could maintain order. • Sovereign of absolute power.