19 th Century education in the United States

1. 19th Century education in the United States

2. Objectives What were schools for? What was worth learning? Who were the learners? What was the role of the teachers? Who were important people and dates? Why is this important information for future educators? How does this compare to the previous period and what changed?

3. What were schools for?

4. Religion Primary idea until late 1800’s was religion Reading was taught to be able to read Bible • High Schools Created curriculum to include: Math, Science, History and English Johnson, J. (2011). Foundations of American Education. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

5. What was worth learning? • Religion • Trade • English, math, science, history • Reading and writing for religious teaching Johnson, J. (2011). Foundations of American Education. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Who were the learners? • Varied by many factors: • Region • Income • Race • Gender • Johnson, J. (2011). Foundations of American Education. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Regional Differences • South • Tutors came to plantation • Slaves NOT educated • Middle and North • Religion main focus in North • Trade/apprenticeship more common in Middle • Johnson, J. (2011). Foundations of American Education. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Income • Lower class did not receive regular instruction • Did not usually attend past grade school • Upper class attended secondary school • Plantation children received individual tutoring

9. Race • African American • Children only learned what was needed to serve masters until late 1800’s • Native Americans • Many tribes had no writing or education system

10. Gender • Primary schools were reserved for boys • Girls had little formal education • Focused more on home economic/household education • Reading for religion

11. What was the role of the teachers? • Corporal Punishment • High moral character • Multi-age classroom • Educated in Reading, Science, Math, and History

12. Who were some key people and dates? • High School • African American Schools • Compulsory Education • Horace Mann • John Locke • Booker T. Washington • Noah Webster

13. John Locke • 17th Century Philosopher • Believed all knowledge comes from observation of the external world • Education writings became model for early Western education model John Locke. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 12:32, May 23, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/john-locke-9384544

14. Horace Mann • First Secretary for the Board of Education in Massachusetts • Referred to as “Father of the Common School movement” Horace Mann. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 12:28, May 23, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522

15. Booker T. Washington • Influential spokesman for black Americans • Head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in 1881 • Taught adults and children Booker T. Washington. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 12:46, May 23, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/booker-t-washington-9524663

16. Noah Webster • Teacher in NY • Recognized need for American English textbooks • Published 1st school reader • Webster’s Dictionary Noah Webster. (2012). Biography.com. Retrieved 12:57, May 23, 2012 from http://www.biography.com/people/noah-webster-9526224

17. Other Dates • First black American schoolhouse (1807) • Established first high school in Boston (1821) • Compulsory Education (1852) Johnson, J. (2011). Foundations of American Education. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

18. Why is this information important? • Beginnings of public schools • Religion taught as main focus in many schools • First schools for minority population • Beginning of government regulations • Compulsory

19. How does this period compare to the prior time period? How did it change? • Informal education turned to more formal classrooms • Wider religious acceptance • Started to move away from trade school idea and more to curriculum based • Development of readers and textbooks