The image that prompted Abe Meerepole, a teacher, to write the lyrics to the song Strange Fruit.

1. The image that prompted Abe Meerepole, a teacher, to write the lyrics to the song Strange Fruit.

2. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. . . .” — 15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in the 15th amendment?

3. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. . . .” — 15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in the 15th amendment? (1) suspending habeas corpus and denying women the right to vote (2) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests (3) establishing religious and property holding requirements for voting (4) passing Black Codes and establishing segregated schools

4. “… we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, …”

5. Jim Crow The Plight of the Freedman After Reconstruction

6. Reconstruction Ends • Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877. • White Supremacists controlled Southern States. • Whites took steps to limit the rights and freedoms of blacks.

7. What is the obligation of the nation to uplift those that have been victims of past injustice?Did Reconstruction meet these obligations?

9. Voting restrictions: • Poll Tax: a voter must own property and pay a tax in order to vote. • Literacy Tests: voters had to demonstrate minimal standards of knowledge. • Grandfather Clauses: Segregated blacks from whites by allowing those whose ancestors could vote to be exempted by new laws.

10. Segregation • Jim Crow Laws: • Required the separation of the races (Schools, parks, transportation, hotels, diners, etc.)

11. De Facto Discrimination • Discrimination in fact rather than actual law. • Was common in the North where there were fewer Jim Crow Laws.

12. Plessy v. Ferguson • 1896 US Supreme Court case which legalized separate facilities for whites and African-Americans. • Separate facilities had to be equal: “Separate but equal” • Reality: Black facilities were always unequal.

13. Lynching • An illegal seizure and execution of a suspected criminal or troublemaker. • African-Americans were often lynched without reason. • Thousands were killed.

15. "If it requires lynching to protect woman's dearest possession from ravening, drunken human beasts, then I say lynch a thousand negroes a week ... if it is necessary." Blacks had won elections in Wilmington, NC and whites reacted by launching a brutal campaign which led to riots and the death of over 20 Blacks

16. Anti-Lynching • Ida B. Wells • Made statements in her newspaper about white women seeking black men • Took on the challenge of anti-lynching

17. 165 Black soldiers stationed at Fort Brown in Brownsville, Texas were discharged by President Teddy Roosevelt for working in a conspiracy to remain silent over being accused of firing shots, of which one killed a white male. Six of the discharged soldiers were recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor.

18. More than 25 blacks were killed in the streets of Atlanta after mobs claimed blacks had raped white women. "There has never been a race riot in Atlanta. The white man and the negro have lived together in this city more peacefully and in better spirit than in any other city, in either the North or South.

19. African-American Response • Booker T. Washington: • Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. • Emphasized education in trades boost the economics of African-Americans. • Trades would help African-Americans gain acceptance as they filled occupations whites needed but did not want to do. • Spelled out his theories in his 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech.

20. Booker T. Washington • Spelled out his theories in his 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech. • Believed that African-Americans had to accommodate whites, rely on white aid for education through which to gain racial equality.

21. Niagara Movement "We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American, political, civil and social; and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. The battle we wage is not for ourselves alone but for all true Americans. It is a fight for ideals, lest this, our common fatherland, false to its founding, become in truth the land of the thief and the home of the slave • Led by W.E.B. Du Bois. • Denounced political, civil, and public discrimination. • Du Bois’ Souls of Black Folk (1903) rejected Washington’s accommodationist message and argued that only through education would black leaders rise up. • Blacks should define themselves not as whites saw them but take pride in their African and American heritages.

22. "The problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line.” "It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness -- an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder."

23. NAACP "a powerful body of citizens to come to their aid." • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909. • An organization of African-Americans and whites to support civil rights. • Combined the educational goals of Washington with the more immediate vision for equality of Du Bois.

24. Exodusters • To escape the violence and the discrimination in the South, many African-Americans left. • Some went North to find jobs in factories, but thousands headed west to take advantage of farming opportunities. • Those who went west were known as Exodusters, many ending up in Kansas.

25. Journal Entry “Our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake.” As a historian looking to interpret our past, do you think that these ideals were protected in the period of 1865-1900?

26. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. . . .” — 15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in the 15th amendment?

27. (1) suspending habeas corpus and denying women the right to vote (2) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests (3) establishing religious and property holding requirements for voting (4) passing Black Codes and establishing segregated schools