University of Limpopo, South Africa. University of Exeter: United Kingdom

1. University of Limpopo, South Africa. University of Exeter: United Kingdom LIMPOPO SITE INTERVENTION FINAL PREPARE project meeting UNIVERSITY OF Bergen. Bergen – Norway 6-9 may 2014

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Formative study and outcome • Intervention development • Intervention content • Teacher Training • Intervention events (Experimental Group) • Delayed intervention plan (Control Group)

3. FORMATIVE STUDY and OUTCOME: Change Targets 1. A minority of young people are having sex. Delay sexual debut 2. Having sex is not so important for a young person. 3. HIV is a primarily a sexually transmitted disease. 4. Condom use is safe. 5. Consistent condom use is important as it prevents sexual transmission of HIV.

4. ….Formative study outcome • 6. Young people in S Africa can avoid HIV infection. • 7. Carry a condom if you want to have sex. • 8. It’s good to ask any sexual partner to use a condom. • 9. Unprotected sex does not mean commitment or love. So no- condom-no-sex. • 10. Others are using condoms – why aren’t you? • 11. Anal sex is unusual and unprotected anal sex is a very high-risk activity. • 12. It is not OK to force someone you know to have sex (with or without a condom)

5. Intervention development • The intervention was developed • ( Prof Themane ‘s active participation) • The University of Exeter also contributed in the process on curriculum development . • The items in the evaluation instruments were used for the development of the intervention. • Specific changed targets informed the contents of the intervention programme.

6. INTERVENTION content Unit 1: SELF-CONCEPT FORMATION AND SELF-MOTIVATION • Factors that influence self-concept formation and self-motivation: (e.g. media, environment, friends and peers, family, culture, religion and community) • Individuality and uniqueness • Personal achievements Unit 2: DEVELOPMENT OF SELF AND SOCIETY • Understanding one’s sexuality • Personal feelings that impact on sexuality • Problem solving skills: identity formation and development

7. …………INTERVENTION CONTENT UNIT 3: UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL HEALTH • Sexual and reproductive health and rights • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) including HIV and AIDS • Pregnancy UNIT 4: PROTECTION AGAINST PREGNANCY AND STIs INCLUDING HIV AND AIDS • Contraceptives • Abstain, Be faithful and Condomise (ABC) • Myths and misconceptions

8. ……….INTERVENTION CONTENT UNIT 5:SOCIAL INFLUENCE • Community norms that impact on sexuality • Social pressures that impact on sexuality • Cultural values that impact on sexuality

9. Teachers training • 12 schools were selected to participate in the teachers training • Fifteen teachers attended the training workshop • The workshop duration was three days • We also invited the guest speakers from the department of health.

10. …….TEACHER TRAINING • Opening and welcome

11. …..TT Condom demonstration

12. ………..Teachers TRAINING • Group discussion

13. Intervention (EXPOSURE) The Proximal programme objectives were: Key Health Promotion Behaviours: 1. Delay onset of sexual intercourse for those that have not had sex. 2. Carry condoms when planning to have sex. 3. Consistent correct condom use for those already sexually active.

14. ……………INTERVENTION • Teachers were provided with a manual • Learners also provided with a workbook . • Delivering the classroom-based programme • Facilitate the discussion in the classroom • Questioning, challenging, probing, adding ideas • Interacting to help learners solve their own problems • Empowering learners with the necessary knowledge, and skills.

15. …………………Intervention • After the teachers training, each school was assigned a theme to implement during life orientation period. • Intervention took place five weeks, for 2 hours per week for contact time for Life Orientation school period . • The PREPARE coordinator and team visits

16. DELAYED INTERVENTION • The 12 control schools will be exposed to the intervention programme during the first quarter of 2013. • The intervention will comprise of: • - One weekend training • - Supply of one copy of the curriculum /Educator’s manual • - SGB meetings • - Promotional items

17. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Contribution of the following individuals and organizations is greatly appreciated: International Partners • Prof Leif Edvard Aaro, the overall project coordinator, University of Bergen, Norway; • Prof Charles Abraham, Principal Investigator, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; • Dr. Hannah Devine-Wright, Researcher & Co- Worker, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

18. …………..ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Limpopo Team. • Dr. Hans Onya, Principal Investigator • Mrs. Susan Ramatsea, Research Coordinator and Research Fellow, PREPARE Project • Ms. Joyce Mashamba, Research Fellow, Health Promotion • Mr. Percy Kekana, Research Fellow, Public Health

19. …………..ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • Ms. Maria Nkhwashu, Evaluation Assistant, HEAIDS • Ms. Linda Ngoatoana, Data Management Assistant, HEAIDS • Prof. Mahlapahlapana Themane, Advisor, Department of Education, • Prof. Abebe Tessera, Advisor, Department of Statistics & Operation Research • Mrs. Marelize Kellermann, Financial Officer, Research Dev. & Administration.

20. …………..ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • Ms. Bianca Ndou, Research Assistant, PREPARE Project • Ms. Simphiwe Mbatha, Admin Officer, HEAIDS • Other s: • Mrs E. N. Chauke. The Principal, Lekota high school • Mrs G. M. Phalane. Life Orientation Teacher, Magaedisha high school • Printing - University of Limpopo Printing Press

21. THE END THANK YOU