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Introduction

Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Management in Australia and New Zealand Dr Hugh Cowan et al. APEC Seminar on Earthquake Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Taipei, September 3-4, 2003. Introduction.

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Introduction

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  1. Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Management in Australia and New ZealandDr Hugh Cowan et al.APEC Seminar on Earthquake Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Taipei, September 3-4, 2003

  2. Introduction • Dams and canals that store and transport water for hydro generation account for a high percentage of the fixed assets for energy supply systems.

  3. Introduction • Operations must ensure safety, utility and retain value. Dam failures although rare, would result in significant loss of credibility for all owners.

  4. Regulatory Framework • No specific dam safety legislation, but well-developed guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD) • Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a major contribution to fulfilling the requirements of responsible ownership.

  5. Establish the context Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999 Identify risks Analyse risks Monitor and review Communicate and consult Evaluate risks Treat risks

  6. Establish the context How do our outputs relate to local government, emergency services and other agencies’ Civil Defence arrangements? Monitor and review Communicate and consult

  7. Establish the context Identify risks What external risks do we face e.g. inter-related agencies’ outsourcing contracts? (all hazards) Monitor and review Communicate and consult

  8. Establish the context Identify risks Analyse risks Monitor and review Communicate and consult What planning and activity helps address this risk across the 4R’s?

  9. Are our arrangements coordinated across our sector? Is our sector linked to others involved in CDEM? Monitor and review Communicate and consult Treat risks

  10. Normal Dam Safety Event Earthquake Dam Safety Event Flood Dam Safety Event ACTION Dam Safety Emergency Plan (e.g. Hydro Tasmania) DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS • Sunny day failures • Abnormal seepage • Acts of sabotage • Operational incidents

  11. Earthquake Alerts • Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute directly to Emergency Preparedness by defining priorities for inspection of facilities after any significant event. • Examples follow: Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and New Zealand

  12. Historical Seismicity, Victoria, Australia

  13. Victorian Water Industry Seismic Network

  14. SRC Telemetry System

  15. (POA) Poatina (MARG) Lake Margaret VSAT (MTCL) Mt. Claude (TRR) Tarraleah (GDAM) Gordon Dam (non dial-up) (SCOT) NEW Scotts Peak

  16. New Zealand High seismic hazard in some regions Sparsely populated Isolated high-value assets Long, linear transmission infrastructure

  17. 1950 - 2000 1840 - 2000 M 7.0 + M 6.5 - 6.9

  18. Most destructive historical earthquakes occurred before 1950. Few people today have personal experience of damage or losses

  19. Key Points • Regions of low seismic hazard can experience damaging earthquakes • Regions of high seismic hazard may experience decades of relative quiet

  20. New Zealand GeoNet • National coverage for hazard detection and emergency response • Designed, built and operated on a non-profit basis, with all basic data freely available • Supplemented by local monitoring at high-value assets

  21. National Strong Motion Network

  22. National Broadband Seismograph Network

  23. Communications • Some Options: • Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF • Dial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMA • Leased (analog) lines • Digital Direct lines • Frame relay • Satellite (VSAT) • Internet

  24. Strong Motion National Network New Zealand Dial-out on GSM and leased land lines

  25. Real-time, continuous seismic data

  26. Current Preferred Options • Short distances: Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges) • Medium distances: Dial up telephone or DDS • Long distances: Internet or frame relay, usually with a local short or medium link Satellite (typically VSAT)

  27. Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Response: Meridian Energy Ltd Dam Safety Em ergency Response Process Dam Safety Response Co - ordinator Inform Emergency Generation Controller Dam Safety Manager Yes Generation Controller Dam ≥5MMV earthquake Response 3. Contact Dam Safety SafetyResponse occurs or observation Coord. OK? Response Co - Team Report to dam indicating Level 1 alert. ordinator (DSRC) Carry out inspection Dam Safety Response safety assurance 4. Advise of any using checklist Co - ordinator team* alarms or potential Call out Earthquake No safety issues Response Team to including loss of relevant site(s) commu nications Dam Safety Response Emergency Manager Generation Controller Co - ordinator Dam Safety Emergency Response Plan 1. Contact Dam Safety Inform Emergency (DSERP) Generation Controller Response Co - ordinator Manager Other Event or (DSRC) Observation indicative of 2. Advise of any alarms Level 2 or Level 3 Alert or potential safety Dam Safety Response issues includi ng loss Co - ordinator of communications Compile /Call out Dam Safety Response Team

  28. EPAR Dataflow *Asset Vulnerabilities *Planned Task List *Asset Locations Earthquake Earthquake Location Magnitude Importance Priority Importance Distance Appropriate General Outcomes Specific Outcomes Task List Attenuation SPECIFIC OUTCOMES for TASKS for Pipehead Control Room Pipehead Control Room in order of in order of priority. GENERAL OUTCOMES in order of interest. importance. Upper Cascade Dam (31km, Telephone Blue Mountains System, MMI 3): inform them of the event and Vibrations felt by some. instruct them that no action is The Intensity at the epicentre would necessary at Upper Cascade Intensity calculated be about MMI 4. Middle Cascade Dam (31km, Dam, MMI 3): Middle Cascade Dam, Lower Intensities exceeding MMI 4 with Vibrations felt by some. Cascade Dam, Lake Medlow, and the earthquake being strongly felt for every location Greaves by most people can be expected to Lower Cascade Dam (32km, Creek. a distance of 13km. MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some. No other tasks prescribed. Intensities exceeding MMI 2 and the possibility that the earthquake Greaves Creek (32km, MMI 3): will be felt by some people can be Asset Locations Vibrations felt by some. expected to a distance of 68km. * Asset Vulnerabilities Damage Expected Fax or Email Task List report to users

  29. Hugh Cowan Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand Wayne Peck Seismology Research Centre, Environmental Systems and Services, Melbourne, Australia Roy Fenderson Hydro Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Jim Walker Meridian Energy Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand Colin Hill Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Australia Tan Pham AC Consulting Group Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand

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