Psychology Unit 2 Test Review

1. Psychology Unit 2 Test Review Childhood and Adolescence Mr. Young These will be the same questions you see on the test, if you have any questions, please make note and ask.

2. Psychologists call the internally programmed growth of a child a. development. c. maturation. b. assimilation. d. socialization.

3. Margaret Mead believed that the adolescence was different than that of G. Stanley Hall because she studied groups from this part of the world. a. 3rd world countries b. 1st world countries c. 2nd world countries d. outer space

4. An infant who has developed object permanence a. is attached to specific objects. b. will see all objects as the same. c. knows that an object exists even if it cannot be seen. d. cries when objects are taken away.

5. A newborn infant has certain automatic, inherited, coordinated movement patterns called a. instincts. c. schemas. b. reflexes. d. formal operations.

6. As David Elkind explained, adolescents will sometimes go throught this problem in life, where they really have trouble making decisions? a. Asking parents for advice b. Poor choice making c. asking peers for adivce d. Indecisiveness

7. Lawrence Kohlberg identified six stages of moral development. In Stage 1 a child a. is sensitive to what others want. b. is concerned with law and order. c. is totally egocentric. d. thinks about rewards and punishments.

8. What or whom is the most important factor in an adolescent’s moral development? a. peers b. lifestyle c. parents d. gender

9. Jean Piaget believed that children were ____________________, or when a young child was unable to understand another person’s perspective or point of view a. representationl thought b. egocentric c. selfish d. being themselves

10. When a infant responds by turning it heads to the place being touched, it is known as a. grasping reflex c.rooting reflex b. sucking reflex d.strong visual activity

11. According to Jean Piaget, which term refers to a child's attempt to understand something new by fitting it into an existing schema? a. accommodation b. assimilation c. intuitive reasoning d. sensorimotor intelligence

12. According to Piaget, when we adjust or change our schema to include newly observed events or fit the characterisitcs of a new object, we a. Assimilation b. intuitive reasoning c. sensorimotor intelligence d. Accomodation

13. Joan uses the Golden Rule as her guide in making moral judgments. She is considered to be in ____ of Lawrence Kohlberg's framework. a. Stage 6 c. Stage 4 b. Stage 5 d. Stage 3

14. Most children will play games so they can be involved in __________________, when children’s play involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view. a. Egocentric b. role taking c. rationalization d. schema

15. A person's gender role is defined by a. partially one's genetic makeup. b. cultural influences. c. traditionally masculine or feminine behavior. d. all of the above.

16. The concept of adolescent identity categories, broken into 4 stages, is associated with a. Jean Piaget. b. Lawrence Kohlberg. c. James Marcia. d. Sandra Bem.

17. Simone, a typical adolescent, will most likely turn to her peers for advice on a. marriage. c. fashion. b. religion. d.educational plans.

18. The big question that an adolescent must answer before they can form an identity is a. “Who Am I?” b. “What is my purpose?” c. “Why am I here?” d. “Where is Chuck Norris?”

19. An androgynous role is one that a. reflects traditionally feminine characteristics. b. combines traditional male and female characteristics. c. reflects traditionally male characteristics. d. combines various gender stereotypes.

20. A person's behavior usually develops as a result of a. attitudes only. b. heredity only. c. environment only. d. both heredity and environment.

21. At birth, the length of most infants is a. 12 to 16 inches. b. 20 to 24 inches. c. 18 to 22 inches. d. less than 12 inches.

22. Before pushing an infant to master new skills, parents should wait until the infant reaches a. maturational readiness. b. physical readiness. c. perceptual readiness. d. motor readiness.

23. The rules for arranging language symbols to produce new meaning are called a. syntax. c.telegraphic speech b. grammar. d.none of the above.

24. Which of the following is NOT a primary issue for developmental psychologists? a. stability versus change b. nature versus nurture c. consistency versus inconsistency d. continuity versus stages of development

25. Groups will usually stay in power by ordering all group members to participate in this, sometimes known as the “glue” that keeps them together? a. Conformity b. resources c. loyalty d. money

26. How do psychologists explore how infants perceive the world? • a. by giving them brain scans that show the activity in the brain during stimulation • b. by measuring behaviors that they can observe such as sucking, eye movements, crying, and smiling • c. by teaching them new tricks • d. by making educated, but unsubstantiated, guesses

27. What two abilities involve using symbols? a. language and depth perception b. reading and walking c. walking and talking d. language and thought

28. By the age of two, children have a vocabulary of about a. 500 to 1000 words. b. 2500 to 5000 words. c. about 10000 words. d. several thousand words.

29. Mary Ainsworth discovered which of the following patterns of attachment in children? a. secure attachment b. avoidance attachment c. resistant attachment d. all of the above

30. When children engage in ____, they are able to picture things in their minds. a. representational thought b. conservation c. egocentric thought d. attachment

31. During the ____ stage of cognitive development (described by Jean Piaget), children develop the ability to use logical schemas. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operations d. formal operations

32. In Harry Harlow's surrogate mother experiment, young monkeys chose the cloth mother out of their need for a. food. b. object permanence. c. imprinting. d. physical contact comfort.

33. Which of the following parenting styles allows children and adolescents to participate in decisions that affect their lives? a. authoritarian family b. democratic/authoritative family c. permissive family d. laissez-faire family

34. According to this psychologist, building an identity is unique to the adolescent stage? a. Sigmund Frued c. Erik Erickson b. Margaret Mead d. Hans Wagner

35. During the ____ stage of psychosexual development (described by Sigmund Freud), children push sexual desires into the background and become involved in exploring the world and learning new skills. a. oral c.genital b. anal d.latency

36. Margaret Mead theorized that adolescence marked by storm and stress was a by-product of a. a less-developed country. b. an industrialized society. c. declining morality. d. a transitional society.

37. The first major theory of adolescence, presented by G. Stanley Hall, presented adolescence as a(n) • a. enjoyable time in life. • b. learning stage in which children learned to be adults. • c. transitional stage characterized by storm and stress. • d. continuous development pattern from childhood to young adulthood.

38. According to Piaget, during adolescence, the ____ cognitive stage is typically reached. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operations d. formal operations

39. If adolescents develop a "messiah complex," they think they can a. convert others to their religion. b. save the world from evil and are invincible c. excel in every way. d. none of the above.

40. Out of the 6 stages presented by David Elkind, adolescents will usually find fault with these types of figures, which they once idolized but now realize do not live up to their standards? a. Authority figures c.Teachers b. Peers d.Parents

41. The identity category, proposed by Jamses Marcia, in which adolescents have considered many possible identities and freely committed themselves to occupations and other important life matters is • a. identity moratorium. • b. identity foreclosure. • c. identity diffusion. • d. identity achievement.

42. Which of the following researchers believed that crisis is involved in adolescent identity development? a. A.C. Peterson and James Marcia b. Erik Erikson and James Marcia c. A.C. Peterson and Margaret Mead d. Erik Erikson and Albert Bandura

43. Peer groups tend to set the standards on such matters as a. marriage and religion. b. most basic values. c. educational plans. d. fashion and music preferences.

44. One of the principal developmental tasks for adolescents is a. becoming independent of their families. b. learning to depend on others for help. c. getting a job so they can move out on their ow d. breaking away from their peers.

45. Which of the following behaviors do depressed teenagers exhibit? a. rebelliousness b. withdrawal c.drug and alcohol use d. all of the above

46. 1 in every 100 teenage girls will suffer from this, a serious eating disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight that results in prolonged self-starvation and dramatic weight loss a. anorexia c.drug abuse b. depression d.bulimia

47. Which of the following is NOT a function of a clique? a. It fulfills the need for closeness with others. b. It gives the adolescent a way of establishing an identity. c. It helps the adolescent achieve self-confidence and a sense of independence from family. d. It defines an adolescent's basic values about marriage, religion, and future educational plans.

48. The ____ theory states that children acquire gender roles by interacting with their environment and thinking about those experiences. a. social learning b. biological c.cognitive-developmental d. psychoanalytical

49. Your awareness of being male or female or your physical or biological makeup is your a. gender role. b. gender identity. c. gender stereotype. d. gender schema.

50. The transition period between childhood and adolescence is known as a. Teenager c.Children b. Adolescence d. Hoodlums