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Radiotherapy Department

Radiotherapy Department. Arif Raza. Introduction. Clinical speciality for treatment of cancer Tissue destroying procedure Use of ionizing radiation Single or combined with other therapy Size of dept depends upon types of services and sophistication of equipments. Introduction.

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Radiotherapy Department

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  1. Radiotherapy Department Arif Raza

  2. Introduction • Clinical speciality for treatment of cancer • Tissue destroying procedure • Use of ionizing radiation • Single or combined with other therapy • Size of dept depends upon types of services and sophistication of equipments

  3. Introduction • Cobalt unit – used for deep radiation therapy • Linear accelerator – wide range of oncology cases • Simulator – set telegraphy field

  4. Treatment steps • Initial evaluation • Treatment plan • Application • TPS for evaluation and plan

  5. Brachytherapy • Brachy means short distance • Localized, precise and high-tech radiation therapy • Radio-active source is placed in or near the tumour • Increase cure rates and minimum side effects • Radioactive cobalt, caesium or iridium is used in form of needles

  6. Brachytherapy • Completed in short duration and is cost effective • Convenient for patient • Does not require hospitalization

  7. Superficial therapy • Ionizing radiation with energies from 8 to 140 kilovolts • Relatively soft X-rays • Used for non-infiltrating cancers like skin cancers

  8. Orthovoltage therapy • Ionizing radiation with energies 150 to 400 kilovolts • Used in treatment of infiltrating surface malignancies • Intraoral, intervaginal treatment

  9. Megavoltage therapy • Ionizing radiation greater than one million volts • Cobalt therapy and accelerators

  10. Location • Carefully located • Conform to BARC’s shielding requirement • Three foot thick walls and ceilings and access for equipment • Should not block future expansion plan • Ideally on ground floor close to OPD and radiology • Close to vertical transport system • No departments shall be below radiotherapy, thus basement is also a good option

  11. Design • Complex and requires experts advise during planning • Legal requirements in designing • Team of experts including radiation therapist, medical physicist, architects, engineers, equipment supplier and hospital planner shall be deployed • Shall be designed to present a warm, cheerful and pleasant atmosphere

  12. Design • High density materials in walls, ceiling and floor to contain radiation • Floor loading

  13. Facilities and space requirements • Reception-control • Waiting area close to reception • Dressing room • Examination rooms • Physician’s office • Nurses’ station • Therapy rooms and control rooms • Physicists’ room with treatment computers • Staff facilities • Patient toilets • Storage facilities

  14. Elements of desiging • Clinical examination section • Reception area with registration room • Examination and consultation • Room for medical staff and social workers • Waiting areas including trolley bays, storage, toilets • Consultation room shall be separated from treatment area • A darkened cubicle required for examining otolaringological patients

  15. Elements of designing • Treatment section • Treatment planning room • Computer assisted scanner • Simulator • Mould room • Room for machinery

  16. Elements of designing • Access to radiation room • Door with high lead shielding • Door may require motor drive • Maze arrangement preferable but consumes space • Direct viewing window can be given in superficial or orthovolatge installation

  17. Organization • Shall be headed by Radiotherapy Physician assisted by other onco specialist • Physicist who shall develop detail treatment plans for patients as prescribed by the physician • Radiotherapy technicians to calibrate therapy equipment, verify doses, position patients and operate the machines

  18. Organization • Nurses to assist physician in examining patients and help during treatment • Dietician to plan nutritional needs of patients • Others – social workers, secretary, clerk, attendants, housekeeping and security staff

  19. Problem situations • Inefficient scheduling • Lost charges • Down time

  20. Regulatory Processes • Clearance of unit by AERB (Type approved or NOC) • Approval of room layout plan (1:50 scale) • Construction only on basis of approved plan • Any modification shall be re-approved • Appointment of staff • Nomination and approval of radiological safety officer

  21. Regulatory Processes • Procurement of personnel monitors • Measuring and monitoring equipments • Authorization to procure radiation source

  22. Thank you

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