CHAPTER

1. CHAPTER 4 • Police Organization and Management

2. American Policing • The purposes of policing in democratic societies: • preventing and investigating crimes • apprehending offenders • protecting and aiding the public • ensuring domestic peace and tranquility • enforcing and supporting the laws

3. American Policing • Three Levels (jurisdictions) • federal • state • local

4. Federal Law Enforcement

5. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • Department of the Treasury • Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigation Division • Treasury Inspector General for Tax Enforcement

6. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • Department of Justice • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives • Bureau of Prisons (BOP) • Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) • U.S. Marshals Service

7. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • Department of Interior • Fish and Wildlife Service • National Park Service • U.S. Park Police • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Bureau of Land Management

8. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • Department of Defense • Air Force Office of Special Investigations • Army Criminal Investigation Division • Defense Criminal Investigative Service • Naval Investigative Service

9. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • Department of Homeland Security • Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement • Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) • Federal Protective Service • Transportation Security Administration (TSA) • U.S. Secret Service • U.S. Coast Guard

10. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies • U.S. Postal Service • Postal Inspections Service • Washington D.C. • Metropolitan Police Department

11. Federal Bureau of Investigation • 1924 – J. Edgar Hoover is appointed Director • 1924 – Identification Division is created to collect fingerprint files • 1930 – F.B.I. begins collecting crime data for Uniform Crime Report publication • 1932 – Crime Laboratory is established.

12. FBI Priorities - 2003 1.Protecting the United States from terrorist attack 2. Protecting the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage 3. Protecting the United States against cyber-based attacks and high- technology crimes 4. Combating public corruption at all levels 5. Protecting civil rights

13. FBI Priorities - 2003 6. Combating transnational and national criminal organizations and enterprises 7. Combating major white-collar crime 8. Combating violent crimes that have wide impact 9. Supporting federal, state, local, and international partners 10. Upgrading technology to perform the FBI’s mission successfully

14. State and Local Law Enforcement

15. Believed to be the first state police force Border patrol responsibilities Apprehended Mexican cattle rustlers State Law Enforcement 1835 Texas Rangers

16. Centralized Model Decentralized Model State Law Enforcement Two Models

17. State Law Enforcement • 49 state police departments • approx. 52,000 full-time state police officers • approx. 26,000 civilian employees • major role – control traffic on highway system

18. Local Agencies - Municipal • approx. 13,580 different departments • approx. 420,000 sworn police officers • approx. 100,000 civilian employees • largest – New York – approx. 37,000 police officers • smallest – 3,409 departments with 1 sworn police officer or only part-time officers

19. Local Agencies - County • approx. 3,100 sheriff departments • approx. 155,000 full-time officers • approx. 89,000 civilian employees • largest – Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department

20. Police Management

21. Police Management: … the administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating police personnel, resources, and activities.

22. Styles of Policing • watchman style • legalistic style • service style

23. order maintenance controlling illegal and disruptive behavior considerable use of discretion Styles of Policing Watchman Style:

24. committed to enforcing the letter of the law “laissez faire” policing Styles of Policing Legalistic Style:

25. Reflects the needs of the community Work with social services and assist communities in solving problems Styles of Policing Service Style:

26. 1960s– A new style of service oriented policing emerged. Public-relations officers are appointed to “Neighborhood Watch” programs, drug-awareness workshops, etc. Police – Community Relations

27. strategic policing problem-solving policing community-oriented policing Police – Community Relations

28. The police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve. Community Policing

29. A collaborative effort between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems. Community Policing

30. Community policing is a two-way street. It not only requires the police to be aware of community needs, it also mandates both involvement and crime-fighting action on the part of citizens themselves. Community Policing

31. Police Learning Organizations: … agencies that are skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge and at modifying their behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

32. Employ knowledge-policing Police Learning Organizations

33. 1967- LEAA was formed to assist police departments in acquiring the latest in technology and adopting new enforcement methods. American Policing

34. LEAA - funded many police research projects Gave rise to Scientific Police Management American Policing

35. Scientific Police Management: … the application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources.

36. Questioned worth of traditional patrol strategies. Questioned response time importance. Styles of Policing Kansas City Experiments:

37. Police Discretion: … DISCRETION = CHOICE

38. Police Discretion: Determined by: