Woman’s Suffrage

1. Woman’s Suffrage Sami Spencer Dustin Cece JessiZabrowsky Josh Weinick Sarah Duvivier Ariana Hernandez

2. Before THE movement • Faced with limited options • After marriage, restricted to home and child care (thought to be proper) • 1/5 white women work for wages • If single, often worked as a servant, seamstress, or teacher. • 1/10 singles worked outside of the house, but earned about half what men would get paid to do the same job.

3. Description • Took place in the early 19th century • “The women's suffrage movement” included many organized activities to get the laws that kept women from voting to change or to add laws and constitutional amendments to promise women the right to vote • Main responsibilities of women included Housework and childcare • Cult of Domesticity: Restricted women activities to the home after marriage • Only men had the right to own property. So women couldn't own land with their salaries • The women would have two choices: • Being socially dead = Not marrying and having to live with parents or someone else. • Or being politically dead = marrying and not having a say in much of your life.

4. Important leaders • Sarah & Angelina Grimké spoke for abolition 1836 -Angelina: “An Appeal to Christian Woman of the South” Called among people to “overthrow this horrible system of oppression and cruelty.” • Emma Willard: all girls school • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton Grimké Sisters Emma Willard Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

5. ELIZABETH cADYstanton • Leading figure in early woman’s movement. • Declaration of Sentiments was revolutionary call for woman’s rights. • Stanton was the president of 20 years for the National Woman Suffrage Association. • Stanton was a daughter of a New York lawyer who made it clear that he desired a son, this ignited her desire to excel in intellectual and other “male” domains. • Graduate of Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary in 1832. • She was motivated by her cousin, reformer Gerrit Smith by the abolitionist, temperance, and women’s rights movements. • She married a reformer, Henry Stanton in 1840, in her vows she omitted the word “obey”. • She attended the World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in London and objected her exclusion from the Assembly. • Paired up with Lucretia Mott and held the famous Seneca Falls Convention in July 1848. The attendees drew up its “Declaration of Sentiments” and proposed that women be allowed the right to vote. • Stanton continued to lecture and write regarding Women’s rights and other reforms of her time, • During the Civil War she focused in on abolishing slavery. • Afterwards she became more adamant on the promotion of women suffrage. • She worked alongside Susan B. Anthony on the Revolution, weekly paper. They also formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) in 1869. Stanton was the first president up until 1890. NWSA merged with another suffrage group to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Stanton served for 2 years of this organization. • Stanton called for an amendment to the US constitution for the women’s right to vote.

6. Susan B. Anthony • Prominent Civil Rights leader • Her involvement in the Anti-Slavery Movement led her to encounter gender inequality. • She worked alongside Elizabeth Cady Stanton for the right to vote for woman. • created a weekly paper called Revolution, as well as co-founding the National Woman Suffrage Association. • She grew up in a Quaker family, she attended a Quaker school in Philadelphia and from early on was aware of social causes. • She attended the Anti-Slavery conference, where she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton. • She was inspired to join the fight for Women’s suffrage when she was denied the right to speak at a temperance convention because of her gender. • Stanton and Anthony formed the New York State Woman's Rights Committee. • Anthony also started up petitions for women to have the right to own property and to vote.

7. EMMA WILLARD • An educator who founded The Emma Willard School in Troy, New York. • She was strongly encouraged by her father to read and think for herself. • She attended a local academy in Berlin, Connecticut from 1802 to 1804 and then started her career in teaching. • Emma Willard is known for her efforts on behalf of women education. • She opened the Middlebury Female Seminary, in 1814 to provide advanced education for young women denied by colleges. • Her Address….Proposing a Plan for Improving Female Education (1819) was admired and influential toward the advancement of higher education for young women. • She moved to Troy, New York, in 1821, she opened the Troy Female Seminary which was then renamed the Emma Willard School in 1895. • The first US institution of serious learning for young women. • The school was successful and made profit, she also earned money from textbooks she wrote, The Emma Willard School is still around.

8. Lucretia Mott • Born Lucretia Coffin to a Quaker family in Nantucket, Massachusetts. • Women’s rights activist, abolitionist, and religious reformer. • Became a Quaker minister in 1821, she was very well known for her speaking. • Mott was against slavery and promoted the non-purchasing of slave labor products. • This led to her husband, James Mott to leave the cotton trade industry around 1830. • Lucretia Mott was an early ally for William Lloyd Garrison and his American Anti Slavery Society, this led to physical threats. • Attended the World’s Anti Slavery Convention in London with her husband in 1840. At this convention, women were not allowed to be full participants. • Lucretia Mott teamed up with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to host the Seneca Falls Convention in New York in 1848. James Mott presided over this convention. • She published her Discourse on Woman in 1850 • Throughout her life Mott worked tirelessly for women’s rights by attending conventions and also being an advocate for African American rights. • In 1864 she helped found Swarthmore College.

9. Sarah and ANGELINA GRIMKE • Abolitionists and women’s rights activists from South Carolina. • Raised by a slaveholder, the sisters moved to Philadelphia due to their strong opposition on slavery. • Angelina’s letter against slavery was published in William Lloyd Garrison’s abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. • Angelina followed up on her success by publishing An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South in 1836. • Angelina made a point that slavery was destroying the institution of marriage by the encouragement of slaveholders to father illegitimate children with black slave women. • Sarah published An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States in 1836. • Discriminated the Grimke sisters turned their attention toward women’s equality. • Angelina published An Appeal to the Women of the Nominally Free States. • The sisters went on a tour of Northern Churches to campaign against slavery and in favor of women’s rights. • In 1838, Sarah wrote Letters on the Equality of the Sexes that linked the rights of African-Americans and women.

10. Accomplishments • Women were given more educational opportunities • Schools were opened for girls with the help of Emma Willard • Women had increased opportunities to act outside of the home • Women’s right to vote was achieved in 1920

11. Connection to jacksonian Democracy • Jackson wanted more democracy in the government, with the “common man” having more say • With women not allowed to vote, half of the nation’s “common men” were not being given their say. With women's suffrage, this part of the population would finally be reached.